{"id":8864,"date":"2018-08-11T16:35:18","date_gmt":"2018-08-11T19:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=8864"},"modified":"2018-08-11T16:29:26","modified_gmt":"2018-08-11T19:29:26","slug":"resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/","title":{"rendered":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alexandre Marinho Pimenta<\/strong> –\u00a0“Como a eco\u00adnomia de um pa\u00eds con\u00adti\u00adnental evo\u00adluiu, em apenas sete anos, da eu\u00adforia de um ce\u00adn\u00e1rio de cres\u00adci\u00admento bem acima da m\u00e9dia das \u00fal\u00adtimas d\u00e9\u00adcadas, com vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos for\u00admais e al\u00adguma re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o das de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades, para uma das mai\u00adores crises de sua his\u00adt\u00f3ria?”<\/p>\n

Esta \u00e9 a per\u00adti\u00adnente per\u00adgunta que abre e mo\u00adbi\u00adliza mais uma in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o de Laura Car\u00advalho no de\u00adbate p\u00fa\u00adblico, por meio do livro Valsa bra\u00adsi\u00adleira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4\u00admico, lan\u00ad\u00e7ado em maio de 2018.<\/p>\n

Eco\u00adno\u00admista de des\u00adtaque cada vez maior no ce\u00adn\u00e1rio na\u00adci\u00adonal, pro\u00adfes\u00adsora da USP e co\u00adlu\u00adnista da Folha de S. Paulo, Car\u00advalho des\u00adponta tamb\u00e9m como emer\u00adgente fi\u00adgura po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica de es\u00adquerda. Atu\u00adal\u00admente co\u00ador\u00adde\u00adna\u00addora da equipe econ\u00f4\u00admica da pr\u00e9-can\u00addi\u00adda\u00adtura de Gui\u00adlherme Boulos (PSOL), a jovem au\u00adtora pre\u00adtende com o livro n\u00e3o apenas re\u00ada\u00adlizar uma an\u00e1\u00adlise econ\u00f4\u00admica de nossa tra\u00adg\u00e9dia ao al\u00adcance do grande p\u00fa\u00adblico, mas tamb\u00e9m es\u00adbo\u00e7ar um pro\u00adt\u00f3\u00adtipo de pro\u00adgrama de go\u00adverno \u2013 como se per\u00adcebe in\u00addi\u00adre\u00adta\u00admente du\u00adrante todo o livro e de ma\u00adneira mais ex\u00adpl\u00ed\u00adcita no ca\u00adp\u00ed\u00adtulo 4 – Acer\u00adtando os passos.<\/p>\n

Pre\u00admissas<\/strong><\/p>\n

A di\u00admens\u00e3o prag\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtica n\u00e3o s\u00f3 \u00e9 con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrada pela pre\u00adtens\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica do livro, mas \u00e9 ele\u00advada como eixo ana\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico pri\u00advi\u00adle\u00adgiado. O que ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adriza sua an\u00e1\u00adlise do pe\u00adr\u00edodo pe\u00adtista e p\u00f3s-pe\u00adtista \u00e9 focar na po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica na\u00adci\u00adonal como fator ex\u00adpli\u00adca\u00adtivo fun\u00adda\u00admental. Ou seja, trata-se, por um lado, de um livro que n\u00e3o compra as teses ex\u00adpli\u00adca\u00adtivas a partir de um pri\u00admado do ce\u00adn\u00e1rio ex\u00adterno e seu ciclo das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties; ou da crise como fruto do ex\u00adces\u00adsivo uso do Es\u00adtado e aban\u00addono con\u00adt\u00ednuo das bases econ\u00f4\u00admicas dos anos 1990; nem mesmo do pri\u00admado da opo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica das elites para gerar a re\u00adcess\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Op\u00f5e-se, assim, a eco\u00adno\u00admistas e de\u00admais ci\u00aden\u00adtistas so\u00adciais das mais va\u00adri\u00adadas ma\u00adtrizes. O pa\u00adno\u00adrama que pre\u00adtende montar se faz atrav\u00e9s da con\u00adjun\u00e7\u00e3o entre con\u00adtextos, mais ou menos fa\u00advo\u00adr\u00e1\u00adveis, e de\u00adci\u00ads\u00f5es e li\u00adnhas da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica, com as quais con\u00adcorda ou cri\u00adtica. Isso, in\u00adclu\u00adsive, lan\u00ad\u00e7ando m\u00e3o de uma li\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtura n\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admica no sen\u00adtido es\u00adtrito, um dos as\u00adpectos mais in\u00adte\u00adres\u00adsantes do livro.
\nPor outro lado, se tra\u00adtando de au\u00adtora n\u00e3o-mar\u00adxista, o livro ca\u00adrece de uma an\u00e1\u00adlise da di\u00adn\u00e2\u00admica de mo\u00advi\u00admento, acu\u00admu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o e re\u00adpro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpital no pa\u00eds no pe\u00adr\u00edodo ana\u00adli\u00adsado. Dessa forma, est\u00e3o au\u00adsentes as classes, suas fra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es e seus an\u00adta\u00adgo\u00adnismos no ter\u00adreno das re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o. Assim como falta uma di\u00ada\u00adl\u00e9\u00adtica mais re\u00adfi\u00adnada, que ul\u00adtra\u00adpasse a an\u00e1\u00adlise de “erros” e “acertos” das es\u00adco\u00adlhas po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas e con\u00adsiga apre\u00adender as con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es sis\u00adt\u00ea\u00admicas do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo e sua ten\u00add\u00eancia \u00e0 crise.<\/p>\n

Antes de aden\u00adtrar nesse ponto, e para qua\u00adli\u00adfic\u00e1-lo de forma n\u00e3o dog\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtica, vol\u00adtemos \u00e0 ar\u00adgu\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de Car\u00advalho. De acordo com suas pre\u00admissas, a au\u00adtora de\u00adfende uma pe\u00adri\u00ado\u00addi\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o dos go\u00advernos do PT e pos\u00adte\u00adrior crise ba\u00adseada no mo\u00addelo de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica apli\u00adcado em cada mo\u00admento. Pra\u00adti\u00adca\u00admente o pri\u00admeiro man\u00addato de Lula se re\u00adsumiu em um prag\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtico con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00edsmo do mo\u00addelo de trip\u00e9 ma\u00adcro\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admico de FHC, mas em ce\u00adn\u00e1rio ex\u00adterno j\u00e1 fa\u00advo\u00adr\u00e1vel. Diz Car\u00advalho (2018, p. 13): “a re\u00ado\u00adri\u00aden\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica foi pro\u00admo\u00advida de forma amena e gra\u00addual. Entre 2003 e 2005, du\u00adrante o pri\u00admeiro go\u00adverno Lula, a prin\u00adcipal no\u00advi\u00addade se deu no \u00e2m\u00adbito das po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas de trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia de renda, ex\u00adpan\u00addidas e uni\u00adver\u00adsa\u00adli\u00adzadas com a cri\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o do pro\u00adgrama Bolsa Fa\u00adm\u00edlia”.<\/p>\n

Aos poucos foram se con\u00adso\u00adli\u00addando as bases para, em se\u00adguida, acon\u00adtecer o que ela chama de “Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho”, prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admente no Lula II. Este, di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00adte\u00admente do Mi\u00adlagre Econ\u00f4\u00admico da di\u00adta\u00addura mi\u00adlitar, n\u00e3o apenas foi menor, mas pos\u00adsuiu outra ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adtica sin\u00adgular, tendo em vista sua di\u00adn\u00e2\u00admica de cres\u00adci\u00admento com “al\u00adguma” re\u00addis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda. Mais es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00adfi\u00adca\u00admente di\u00admi\u00adnui\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade sa\u00adla\u00adrial, na cha\u00admada base da pi\u00adr\u00e2\u00admide so\u00adcial. Tendo como pi\u00adlares fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtais a for\u00adma\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do mer\u00adcado de tra\u00adbalho, o cres\u00adci\u00admento da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica so\u00adcial e do sa\u00adl\u00e1rio m\u00ed\u00adnimo, e o maior acesso ao cr\u00e9\u00addito, Car\u00advalho afirma, no en\u00adtanto, que foi o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico, so\u00adbre\u00adtudo aquele des\u00adti\u00adnado \u00e0 in\u00adfra\u00ades\u00adtru\u00adtura f\u00ed\u00adsica e so\u00adcial, “o prin\u00adcipal motor de cres\u00adci\u00admento de nosso mer\u00adcado in\u00adterno” (2018, p. 24). Isso por conta de suas ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adticas pr\u00f3\u00adprias (efeito mul\u00adti\u00adpli\u00adcador e in\u00addutor para in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos pri\u00advados) como tamb\u00e9m, no pe\u00adr\u00edodo em quest\u00e3o (2006-2010), por ter se en\u00adcon\u00adtrado com taxa de cres\u00adci\u00admento real maior que o con\u00adsumo das fa\u00adm\u00ed\u00adlias, mais co\u00admu\u00admente apon\u00adtado como o dito motor.<\/p>\n

Li\u00admites<\/strong><\/p>\n

E aqui po\u00addemos en\u00adcon\u00adtrar n\u00e3o um, mas dois eu\u00adfe\u00admismos da au\u00adtora em sua tese prin\u00adcipal sobre o Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho: cres\u00adci\u00admento + al\u00adguma dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda + vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos for\u00admais. A “al\u00adguma” dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o, al\u00e9m de fugaz e j\u00e1 em pro\u00adcesso de re\u00advers\u00e3o, por ter a ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adtica acima des\u00adcrita, ri\u00adgo\u00adro\u00adsa\u00admente, n\u00e3o se con\u00adverteu em re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade de fato. Ao co\u00admentar os fa\u00admosos es\u00adtudos de Me\u00addeiros e co\u00adlegas, e tamb\u00e9m de Morgan, a pr\u00f3\u00adpria Car\u00advalho (2018, p. 38) fala: “em ou\u00adtras pa\u00adla\u00advras, ainda que os sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios te\u00adnham fi\u00adcado menos con\u00adcen\u00adtrados nos anos 2000 gra\u00e7as ao cres\u00adci\u00admento ace\u00adle\u00adrado dos ren\u00addi\u00admentos de tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores da base da pi\u00adr\u00e2\u00admide […] a renda do ca\u00adpital cresceu ainda mais e se man\u00adteve al\u00adta\u00admente con\u00adcen\u00adtrada na m\u00e3o dos mais ricos”. O outro eu\u00adfe\u00admismo \u00e9 a cha\u00admada vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos, ra\u00adpi\u00adda\u00admente re\u00adver\u00adtida em se\u00adguida. O as\u00adpecto da pre\u00adca\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o das re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de tra\u00adbalho sob o manto do “formal” some por com\u00adpleto aqui. O “pleno em\u00adprego lu\u00adlista”, como sa\u00adbemos, deu-se com a am\u00adpli\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o da ro\u00adta\u00adti\u00advi\u00addade, da ter\u00adcei\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e da pro\u00adli\u00adfe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos de at\u00e9 2 sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios m\u00ed\u00adnimos (MATTOS, 2015). A au\u00adtora, no\u00adva\u00admente, alerta-nos que a tal “al\u00adguma” dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o se deu con\u00adco\u00admi\u00adtante ao “cres\u00adci\u00admento de se\u00adtores muito in\u00adten\u00adsivos em m\u00e3o de obra menos qua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adcada” (CAR\u00adVALHO, 2018, p. 38).<\/p>\n

Mas o \u201cmo\u00admento glo\u00adrioso\u201d, in\u00adclu\u00adsive se to\u00admado o ponto de vista fiscal e in\u00adfla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio, n\u00e3o de\u00admo\u00adraria a apre\u00adsentar fendas mais graves. A de\u00adte\u00adri\u00ado\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o da ba\u00adlan\u00e7a co\u00admer\u00adcial fora um dos frutos in\u00adde\u00adse\u00adj\u00e1\u00adveis do Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho, por exemplo. O di\u00adna\u00admismo do mer\u00adcado in\u00adterno n\u00e3o foi acom\u00adpa\u00adnhado nem im\u00adpul\u00adsi\u00adonou uma di\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o da es\u00adtru\u00adtura pro\u00addu\u00adtiva. Con\u00adco\u00admi\u00adtan\u00adte\u00admente, o grande cres\u00adci\u00admento do setor de ser\u00advi\u00e7os con\u00adtinha um po\u00adten\u00adcial in\u00adfla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio es\u00adpe\u00adc\u00ed\u00adfico e pro\u00adble\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtico. Sem contar a j\u00e1 re\u00adfe\u00adrida (n\u00e3o) dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda, ali\u00advi\u00adando as classes do\u00admi\u00adnantes. A in\u00adsus\u00adten\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade do mo\u00addelo co\u00adme\u00e7ou a se evi\u00adden\u00adciar mais no pe\u00adr\u00edodo p\u00f3s-Ma\u00adro\u00adlinha, quando o ce\u00adn\u00e1rio ex\u00adterno inicia uma re\u00advers\u00e3o , e cuja eu\u00adf\u00f3\u00adrica re\u00adcu\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o es\u00adcondia ques\u00adt\u00f5es mais pro\u00adfundas que a pr\u00f3\u00adxima ro\u00addada do PT no poder, ent\u00e3o com Dilma, de\u00adveria en\u00adfrentar.<\/p>\n

E, para Car\u00advalho (2018, p. 46), a\u00ed co\u00adme\u00e7a o grande “erro”, o passo ao lado e n\u00e3o adi\u00adante, do PT: a su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o desses li\u00admites (des\u00adcritos acima) exigia en\u00adcarar de frente os con\u00adflitos mais acir\u00adrados, de modo a con\u00adferir maior so\u00adlidez aos pi\u00adlares do mo\u00addelo [do Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho]. In\u00adfe\u00adliz\u00admente, o ca\u00adminho es\u00adco\u00adlhido a partir de 2011, em\u00adbora tenha par\u00adtido do en\u00adfren\u00adta\u00admento de al\u00adguns desses con\u00adflitos, acabou le\u00advando tamb\u00e9m \u00e0 subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o de al\u00adguns eixos im\u00adpor\u00adtantes da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica do Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho por um con\u00adjunto de me\u00addidas ine\u00adfi\u00adcazes.<\/p>\n

A in\u00adten\u00e7\u00e3o de en\u00adfren\u00adta\u00admento, caso se junte com as es\u00adco\u00adlhas e me\u00addidas efe\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente to\u00admadas, im\u00adpos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adlita, se\u00adgundo a au\u00adtora, dizer que se viveu, no Dilma I, qual\u00adquer tipo de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo. In\u00adclu\u00adsive, na in\u00adtro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, quando fala pro\u00advi\u00adso\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente de certo tipo de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo apli\u00adcado por Dilma I, a au\u00adtora pede “des\u00adculpas” a Ra\u00fal Pre\u00adbisch e a Celso Fur\u00adtado por usar o termo de forma exa\u00adge\u00adrada. Isso a apro\u00adxima de sua co\u00adlega de USP, Leda Pau\u00adlani (2017, p. 98): su\u00adma\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente pode-se dizer que o re\u00adsul\u00adtado efe\u00adtivo disso que veio a ser cha\u00admado, pr\u00f3\u00adpria ou im\u00adpro\u00adpri\u00ada\u00admente, de ‘nova ma\u00adtriz ma\u00adcro\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admica’, foi a troca de in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico por uma aposta na re\u00adto\u00admada do in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento pri\u00advado que acabou n\u00e3o ocor\u00adrendo. Da\u00ed a di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addade de se de\u00adno\u00adminar tal po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista, seja neo, novo, ou so\u00adcial o pre\u00adfixo que se an\u00adte\u00adponha ao termo.<\/p>\n

Ao inv\u00e9s de in\u00adventar pre\u00adfixos ou ad\u00adje\u00adti\u00adva\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es v\u00e1\u00adrias, Car\u00advalho de\u00adno\u00admina o mo\u00addelo que segue o Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho de Agenda FIESP (vale lem\u00adbrar, as\u00adsi\u00adnada em v\u00e1\u00adrios mo\u00admentos pela CUT e ou\u00adtras cen\u00adtrais sin\u00addi\u00adcais). Essa Agenda, que bus\u00adcava elevar a com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00adti\u00advi\u00addade da in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria na\u00adci\u00adonal, ba\u00adseou-se na des\u00adva\u00adlo\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do real, em fortes de\u00adso\u00adne\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es tri\u00adbu\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrias para os in\u00addus\u00adtriais, na re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o brusca da taxa de juros, no uso in\u00adten\u00adsivo do BNDES e no con\u00adtrole de ta\u00adrifas e pre\u00e7os (como a de energia el\u00e9\u00adtrica). A aposta no in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico an\u00adte\u00adrior, se\u00adgundo a au\u00adtora, \u00e9 tro\u00adcada pelo pri\u00advado; o mer\u00adcado in\u00adterno pelo ex\u00adterno.<\/p>\n

Em vez de re\u00adfor\u00e7ar os “pi\u00adlares” do Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho, atrav\u00e9s uma po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica in\u00addus\u00adtrial mais clara, e um tra\u00adta\u00admento cor\u00adreto da in\u00adfla\u00e7\u00e3o de ser\u00advi\u00e7os e da de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade per\u00adsis\u00adtente, a “nova ma\u00adtriz econ\u00f4\u00admica” se tornou em uma aven\u00adtura de\u00adsas\u00adtrosa em con\u00adse\u00adcu\u00adtivos ca\u00adp\u00ed\u00adtulos. Apesar do con\u00adjunto cada vez mais amplo e ili\u00admi\u00adtado de be\u00adnesses es\u00adta\u00adtais (os de\u00adsem\u00adbolsos do BNDES a taxas de juros ne\u00adga\u00adtivas che\u00adgaram a R$500 bi\u00adlh\u00f5es, en\u00adquanto o total de de\u00adso\u00adne\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es tri\u00adbu\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrias no pe\u00adr\u00edodo chegou a mon\u00adtante equi\u00adva\u00adlente), uma am\u00adpli\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o do in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento pri\u00advado es\u00adpe\u00adrado n\u00e3o che\u00adgava: com am\u00adpli\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o dos es\u00adto\u00adques e o grande en\u00addi\u00advi\u00adda\u00admento das em\u00adpresas, em sua mai\u00adoria tamb\u00e9m j\u00e1 fi\u00adnan\u00adcei\u00adri\u00adzadas, a in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o es\u00adtatal servia efe\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente para a ma\u00adnu\u00adten\u00e7\u00e3o ime\u00addiata das mar\u00adgens de lucro.<\/p>\n

No fim, o en\u00adfren\u00adta\u00admento se re\u00advelou um en\u00adgodo: em v\u00e1\u00adrios as\u00adpectos o novo mo\u00addelo de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica foi apenas uma gi\u00adgan\u00adtesca trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia de renda para os mais ricos via, di\u00adreta e in\u00addi\u00adre\u00adta\u00admente, di\u00adnheiro p\u00fa\u00adblico. Sendo, assim, mais f\u00e1cil com\u00adpar\u00e1-la a es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgias pro\u00admo\u00advidas por Re\u00adagan ou Trump, como faz a au\u00adtora. Dessa forma, Car\u00advalho di\u00adverge da fa\u00admosa tese de Singer (2018) sobre o “cu\u00adtucar das on\u00e7as” \u2014 na qual foi o amplo en\u00adfren\u00adta\u00admento de Dilma que cons\u00adtruiu sua opo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o bur\u00adguesa uni\u00adt\u00e1ria e an\u00adti\u00adde\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista e sua pos\u00adte\u00adrior ex\u00adpuls\u00e3o do Pla\u00adnalto. Isso porque, “a in\u00adter\u00adpre\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de Singer pa\u00adrece partir do pres\u00adsu\u00adposto de que as po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas im\u00adple\u00admen\u00adtadas iam na di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o cor\u00adreta e te\u00adriam sido bem su\u00adce\u00addidas em co\u00adlocar a eco\u00adnomia nos eixos caso ti\u00advessem sido man\u00adtidas. O boi\u00adcote a essas po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas \u00e9 que seria res\u00adpon\u00ads\u00e1vel pelo seu fra\u00adcasso” (CAR\u00adVALHO, 2018, p. 64). A opo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 “nova ma\u00adtriz econ\u00f4\u00admica” n\u00e3o veio por ser su\u00adpos\u00adta\u00admente pro\u00adgres\u00adsista, de algum modo “de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista”, mas pela ine\u00adfi\u00adc\u00e1cia e in\u00adsus\u00adten\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade econ\u00f4\u00admica a m\u00e9dio e longo prazo.<\/p>\n

De\u00adpois, em plena re\u00adcess\u00e3o e crise po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, quando os pr\u00f3\u00adprios be\u00adne\u00adfi\u00adci\u00e1\u00adrios do \u00fal\u00adtimo pe\u00adr\u00edodo se tor\u00adnaram em seus al\u00adgozes, Dilma fi\u00adna\u00adliza sua pas\u00adsagem pelo Pla\u00adnalto com um pa\u00adcote de aus\u00adte\u00adri\u00addade ra\u00addical (“es\u00adte\u00adli\u00ado\u00adnato elei\u00adtoral”). Eli\u00admi\u00adnando assim, o que res\u00adtava das bases do Mi\u00adla\u00adgrinho. Esse mesmo pa\u00adcote seria ado\u00adtado pelo seu subs\u00adti\u00adtuto, Temer, “o passo atr\u00e1s” em nossa de\u00admo\u00adcracia, como ela diz. E n\u00e3o apenas, em nossa eco\u00adnomia tamb\u00e9m, que s\u00f3 deve se re\u00adcu\u00adperar l\u00e1 por 2020-2021 \u2014 n\u00e3o in\u00adcluindo aqui a re\u00adcu\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o das con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de vida dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores. N\u00e3o \u00e9 pre\u00adciso muito es\u00adfor\u00e7o para ver o quanto essa frente aus\u00adtera p\u00f3s-2014 n\u00e3o cum\u00adpriu suas “pro\u00admessas” (ti\u00adrando a in\u00adfla\u00e7\u00e3o), nem de re\u00adtomar cres\u00adci\u00admento, ou con\u00adtrolar quadro fiscal, muito menos de es\u00adtancar a san\u00adgria e por fim \u00e0 crise po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica. Por fim, Car\u00advalho n\u00e3o v\u00ea no atual ce\u00adn\u00e1rio de fundo do po\u00e7o ne\u00adnhum pilar que con\u00adsiga ser res\u00adpon\u00ads\u00e1vel por um novo ciclo de cres\u00adci\u00admento.<\/p>\n

Uma cr\u00ed\u00adtica dentro da ordem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Como a eco\u00adno\u00admista prop\u00f5e tirar o pa\u00eds do bu\u00adraco po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico, econ\u00f4\u00admico e so\u00adcial? As pro\u00adpostas s\u00e3o va\u00adri\u00adadas, e en\u00advolvem uma re\u00adforma tri\u00adbu\u00adt\u00e1ria, maior in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico em in\u00adfra\u00ades\u00adtru\u00adtura, al\u00e9m de es\u00adt\u00ed\u00admulo \u00e0 tec\u00adno\u00adlogia, dentre ou\u00adtras. Tudo in\u00addu\u00adzido pela po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica. No en\u00adtanto, com bases so\u00adciais e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas ques\u00adti\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adveis. Afinal, um pro\u00adjeto po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico re\u00adquer or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e for\u00e7a po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, so\u00adbre\u00adtudo se afronta in\u00adte\u00adresses das classes do\u00admi\u00adnantes: con\u00adven\u00adci\u00admento e com\u00adpro\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o de efi\u00adc\u00e1cia econ\u00f4\u00admica e su\u00adpostas con\u00adver\u00adg\u00ean\u00adcias entre ca\u00adpital-tra\u00adbalho, para agradar, elei\u00adto\u00adral\u00admente, gregos e troi\u00adanos, nem de longe s\u00e3o su\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adentes.<\/p>\n

Nas tais su\u00adpostas con\u00adver\u00adg\u00ean\u00adcias, en\u00adcon\u00adtramos uma das mais gri\u00adtantes con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es per\u00adfor\u00adm\u00e1\u00adticas da au\u00adtora. Em sua cr\u00ed\u00adtica in\u00addi\u00adreta aos es\u00adpa\u00adda\u00adchins do “novo-de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo”, Car\u00advalho (2018, p. 48), ao ana\u00adlisar o Dilma I, en\u00adxerga um pouco (sendo bem ge\u00adne\u00adroso) de an\u00adta\u00adgo\u00adnismo na am\u00adpli\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o da ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o como meio para re\u00adcu\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista: para de\u00adsen\u00advolver se\u00adtores novos com bom de\u00adsem\u00adpenho ex\u00adpor\u00adtador, a des\u00adva\u00adlo\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do real teria de ser muito maior e du\u00adra\u00addoura. E mesmo assim, a mag\u00adni\u00adtude da des\u00adva\u00adlo\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1ria para que o pa\u00eds con\u00adse\u00adguisse com\u00adpetir com pa\u00edses asi\u00e1\u00adticos na ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de bens ma\u00adnu\u00adfa\u00adtu\u00adrados, por exemplo, talvez exi\u00adgisse uma re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios in\u00adcom\u00adpa\u00adt\u00edvel com o re\u00adgime de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico.<\/p>\n

Re\u00adgime de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico pode ser lido como ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do tra\u00adbalho com m\u00ed\u00adnima apa\u00adr\u00eancia ci\u00advi\u00adli\u00adzada. Mas, em outro mo\u00admento, v\u00ea-se que as dicas de Car\u00advalho (2018, p. 36-38) ao ca\u00adpital n\u00e3o di\u00adferem tanto do puro ar\u00adrocho ao tra\u00adbalho como ala\u00advanca econ\u00f4\u00admica: uma forma mais de\u00adse\u00adj\u00e1vel de com\u00adpa\u00adti\u00adbi\u00adlizar cres\u00adci\u00admento de sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios e es\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade de pre\u00e7os \u00e9 ali\u00adviar o con\u00adflito dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtivo entre tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores e ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas por meio de um cres\u00adci\u00admento maior da pro\u00addu\u00adti\u00advi\u00addade do tra\u00adbalho. Em ou\u00adtras pa\u00adla\u00advras, deixar crescer os sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios pode n\u00e3o elevar o custo com a m\u00e3o de obra se menos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores ou menos horas de tra\u00adbalho forem ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrios para pro\u00adduzir uma mesma uni\u00addade do pro\u00adduto. […] Al\u00e9m disso, o al\u00edvio do con\u00adflito dis\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00adtivo e das pres\u00ads\u00f5es in\u00adfla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrias pode se dar por meio de me\u00adlho\u00adrias nos ser\u00advi\u00e7os p\u00fa\u00adblicos. […] Nem toda in\u00adclus\u00e3o pre\u00adcisa se dar via renda.<\/p>\n

Cer\u00adta\u00admente, Marx daria ou\u00adtros nomes (e ad\u00adje\u00adtivos) \u00e0s re\u00adco\u00admen\u00adda\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de Car\u00advalho. Assim como po\u00adderia co\u00admentar sobre as con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ge\u00adradas neste pro\u00adcesso de “in\u00adclus\u00e3o” e “al\u00edvio” um tanto flo\u00adreado pela au\u00adtora.<\/p>\n

E nesse mo\u00admento de “ajuste de passos” \u00e9 que po\u00addemos iden\u00adti\u00adficar mais ex\u00adpli\u00adci\u00adta\u00admente a fra\u00adqueza cons\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adtiva n\u00e3o s\u00f3 em seu prog\u00adn\u00f3s\u00adtico, mas, re\u00adtros\u00adpec\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente, em seu di\u00adag\u00adn\u00f3s\u00adtico. Ao de\u00adcorrer de sua ar\u00adgu\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o, o ele\u00admento vo\u00adlun\u00adta\u00adrista, sub\u00adje\u00adtivo dos agentes es\u00adta\u00adtais (es\u00adco\u00adlhas, me\u00addidas, a\u00e7\u00f5es) se mostra causa pri\u00advi\u00adle\u00adgiada da di\u00adn\u00e2\u00admica econ\u00f4\u00admica. N\u00e3o se con\u00adsi\u00adderam, assim, como pre\u00adten\u00addido pela an\u00e1\u00adlise mais com\u00adplexa da crise, de forma con\u00adsis\u00adtente, as di\u00admen\u00ads\u00f5es es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais e c\u00ed\u00adclicas de um ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo pro\u00adfun\u00adda\u00admente glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adzado e su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnado que li\u00admitam em de\u00admasia a po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica, e em v\u00e1\u00adrios mo\u00admentos a (sobre)de\u00adter\u00adminam.<\/p>\n

Ob\u00advi\u00ada\u00admente, Car\u00advalho con\u00adsi\u00addera os fen\u00f4\u00admenos fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtais do ce\u00adn\u00e1rio in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal, por exemplo, mas para voltar o foco de sua cr\u00ed\u00adtica \u00e0s po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas econ\u00f4\u00admicas er\u00adr\u00f4\u00adneas, tendo como pres\u00adsu\u00adposto que os li\u00admites ex\u00adternos a estas po\u00adde\u00adriam ser su\u00adpe\u00adrados. E o peso para esse ce\u00adn\u00e1rio tamb\u00e9m se mostra pe\u00adqueno: a eco\u00adnomia chi\u00adnesa, por exemplo, entra apenas uma vez para in\u00adte\u00adgrar \u00e0 sua ex\u00adpli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o obs\u00adtante tenha sido a res\u00adpon\u00ads\u00e1vel pelo su\u00adper\u00adciclo de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties; seja a maior par\u00adceira co\u00admer\u00adcial do pa\u00eds, tanto na ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o quanto na im\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o; e es\u00adteja am\u00adpli\u00adando ex\u00adpo\u00adnen\u00adci\u00adal\u00admente seus in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

A pa\u00adlavra China n\u00e3o \u00e9 ci\u00adtada. Sua pe\u00adri\u00ado\u00addi\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o via po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica faz a crise de 2008 pra\u00adti\u00adca\u00admente de\u00adsa\u00adpa\u00adrecer como se fosse um evento menor e in\u00addigno de mai\u00adores con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es: “a crise de 2008 di\u00adfi\u00adcil\u00admente apa\u00adrece como um di\u00advisor de \u00e1guas” (CAR\u00adVALHO, 2018, p. 63). O que se su\u00adcedeu no ime\u00addiato p\u00f3s-crise de 2008, po\u00addemos supor, para a au\u00adtora, n\u00e3o se tratou de uma bolha das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties \u2014 uma la\u00adcuna, sem d\u00fa\u00advida, im\u00adpor\u00adtante para en\u00adten\u00addermos esse pe\u00adr\u00edodo da eco\u00adnomia na\u00adci\u00adonal. Em con\u00adtra\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o, se re\u00adcorre a uma de\u00adzena de en\u00adtre\u00advistas para su\u00adpos\u00adta\u00admente se en\u00adcon\u00adtrar as ra\u00edzes do caos econ\u00f4\u00admico. “Pouco de azar, [por\u00e9m] erros sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtivos”, \u00e9 a pre\u00ado\u00adcu\u00adpante do\u00adsagem (em lin\u00adguagem um tanto ina\u00adpro\u00adpriada para fa\u00adtores ob\u00adje\u00adtivos e sub\u00adje\u00adtivos) feita pela au\u00adtora no in\u00edcio do livro para ex\u00adplicar a crise bra\u00adsi\u00adleira.<\/p>\n

Al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Se, por um lado, o en\u00adfoque de Car\u00advalho na po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica nos per\u00admite avan\u00e7ar contra as teses que ainda in\u00adsistem em en\u00adxergar es\u00adpec\u00adtros de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtistas, so\u00adbre\u00adtudo no pe\u00adr\u00edodo Dilma, por outro, pa\u00adrece n\u00e3o con\u00adse\u00adguir se sus\u00adtentar por in\u00adteiro sua in\u00adves\u00adtida. O re\u00adcente livro do Ins\u00adti\u00adtuto de Eco\u00adnomia da Uni\u00adcamp, Para al\u00e9m da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica, a nosso ver, possui uma “tese me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica” (CAR\u00adNEIRO, 2018, p. 11) mais con\u00adsis\u00adtente e pro\u00addu\u00adtiva para en\u00adtender a valsa bra\u00adsi\u00adleira re\u00adcente (in\u00adclu\u00adsive atrav\u00e9s de uma chave mar\u00adxista ): “en\u00adtender a tra\u00adje\u00adt\u00f3ria his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrica de qual\u00adquer eco\u00adnomia como a s\u00edn\u00adtese de as\u00adpectos es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais, c\u00ed\u00adclicos e de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica”.<\/p>\n

O livro, por exemplo, con\u00adsegue dar mais aten\u00e7\u00e3o aos dois pri\u00admeiros as\u00adpectos en\u00adquanto (sobre)de\u00adter\u00admi\u00adnantes deste \u00fal\u00adtimo. Afinal, como pensar nas de\u00adci\u00ads\u00f5es (de con\u00adsequ\u00ean\u00adcias opostas!) de Dilma sem os ele\u00admentos es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais como a in\u00adser\u00e7\u00e3o as\u00adsi\u00adm\u00e9\u00adtrica do Brasil das ca\u00addeias glo\u00adbais de valor em novo con\u00adtexto da eco\u00adnomia e in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria chi\u00adnesa p\u00f3s-crise?<\/p>\n

O ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo, ainda mais o nosso, \u00e9 muito mais que um pro\u00adgrama de go\u00adverno. De\u00adcerto Car\u00advalho o sabe. Mas as es\u00adco\u00adlhidas vestes ima\u00adgi\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrias de mi\u00adnistra pa\u00adrecem pesar mais do que a de ci\u00aden\u00adtista. Tais quais as vestes do Papa Ur\u00adbano VIII pe\u00adsaram para que o es\u00adcla\u00adre\u00adcido Maffeo Bar\u00adbe\u00adrini se tor\u00adnasse o algoz de Ga\u00adlileu.<\/p>\n

Notas:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) O que, por si s\u00f3, ques\u00adtiona o des\u00adcarte apres\u00adsado do ce\u00adn\u00e1rio ex\u00adterno como um dos ele\u00admentos de\u00adter\u00admi\u00adnantes da con\u00adjun\u00adtura econ\u00f4\u00admica do\u00adm\u00e9s\u00adtica pela au\u00adtora. Vol\u00adta\u00adremos a esse ponto<\/p>\n

2) Con\u00adtudo, ela se dis\u00adtancia de Car\u00advalho ao n\u00e3o ver pro\u00adjeto algum no pe\u00adtismo: “o pe\u00adr\u00edodo lu\u00adlista, sem pro\u00adjeto e sem pla\u00adne\u00adja\u00admento, ca\u00admi\u00adnhou ao sabor da con\u00adjun\u00adtura, sem ame\u00ada\u00e7ar o status quo” (PAU\u00adLANI, 2017, p. 91).<\/p>\n

3) Apesar de, no caso de Car\u00adneiro e ou\u00adtros no livro, se man\u00adterem na pro\u00adble\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtica da eco\u00adnomia po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, como diria Ba\u00adlibar, e at\u00e9 abra\u00ad\u00e7arem o termo de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo, ao con\u00adtr\u00e1rio de Car\u00advalho. Abra\u00e7o sui ge\u00adneris, no en\u00adtanto. Car\u00adneiro (2018, p. 26), por exemplo, v\u00ea de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo na “re\u00adcon\u00adfi\u00adgu\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de pre\u00e7os re\u00adla\u00adtivos ma\u00adcro\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admicos para in\u00adduzir o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento pri\u00advado, com\u00adbi\u00adnado com ins\u00adtru\u00admentos e in\u00adcen\u00adtivos se\u00adto\u00adriais de alto im\u00adpacto (Pe\u00adtro\u00adbras), am\u00adpli\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o de in\u00adfra\u00ades\u00adtru\u00adtura e apoio dos bancos”. Por outro lado fala “esses n\u00fa\u00admeros [de in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos p\u00fa\u00adblicos] n\u00e3o se com\u00adparam, nem de longe, com os va\u00adlores ob\u00adser\u00advados nas d\u00e9\u00adcadas de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtistas. Ade\u00admais, h\u00e1 uma di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7a qua\u00adli\u00adta\u00adtiva es\u00adsen\u00adcial na sua com\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o” (2018, p. 42). In\u00adclu\u00adsive boa parte destes in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos “pouco efe\u00adtivos para a re\u00ado\u00adri\u00aden\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o da es\u00adtru\u00adtura pro\u00addu\u00adtiva” (2018, p. 43). Por fim, acaba seu ar\u00adtigo di\u00adzendo: “n\u00e3o h\u00e1 mais, tout court, Es\u00adtado de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista no Brasil e muito menos uma classe em\u00adpre\u00adsa\u00adrial cujos in\u00adte\u00adresses es\u00adtejam atre\u00adlados ao des\u00adtino do pa\u00eds. O fra\u00adcasso do ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00admento de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista su\u00adgere uma fi\u00adnan\u00adcei\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ele\u00advada dos seg\u00admentos pro\u00addu\u00adtivos” (2018, p. 51).<\/p>\n

Re\u00adfe\u00adr\u00ean\u00adcias<\/strong><\/p>\n

CAR\u00adNEIRO, Ri\u00adcardo. Na\u00adve\u00adgando a con\u00adtra\u00advento: Uma re\u00adflex\u00e3o sobre o ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00admento de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtista do go\u00adverno Dilma Rous\u00adseff. In: ______.;<\/p>\n

BALTAR, Paulo; SARTI, Fer\u00adnando (Org.). Para al\u00e9m da po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica econ\u00f4\u00admica. S\u00e3o Paulo: Edi\u00adtora Unesp Di\u00adgital, 2018.<\/p>\n

CAR\u00adVALHO, Laura. Valsa bra\u00adsi\u00adleira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4\u00admico. S\u00e3o Paulo: To\u00addavia, 2018.<\/p>\n

MATTOS, FER\u00adNANDO AU\u00adGUSTO MANSOR DE. Avan\u00e7os e di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addades para o mer\u00adcado de tra\u00adbalho. Estud. av., S\u00e3o Paulo , v. 29, n. 85, p. 69-85, Dez. 2015.<\/p>\n

PAU\u00adLANI, Leda. De\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admen\u00adtismo, pla\u00adne\u00adja\u00admento e in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico nos cinco mil dias do lu\u00adlismo. In: MA\u00adRIN\u00adGONI, Gil\u00adberto; ME\u00adDEIROS, Ju\u00adliano (Org.). Cinco mil dias: o Brasil na era do lu\u00adlismo. S\u00e3o Paulo: Boi\u00adtempo \/ Fun\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o Lauro Campos, 2017.<\/p>\n

SINGER, Paul. O lu\u00adlismo em crise: um quebra-ca\u00adbe\u00e7a do pe\u00adr\u00edodo Dilma (2011-2016). S\u00e3o Paulo: Com\u00adpa\u00adnhia das Le\u00adtras, 2018.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/13401-resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alexandre Marinho Pimenta –\u00a0“Como a eco\u00adnomia de um pa\u00eds con\u00adti\u00adnental evo\u00adluiu, em apenas sete anos, da eu\u00adforia de um ce\u00adn\u00e1rio de cres\u00adci\u00admento bem acima da m\u00e9dia das \u00fal\u00adtimas d\u00e9\u00adcadas, com vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos for\u00admais e al\u00adguma re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o das de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades, para uma das mai\u00adores crises de sua his\u00adt\u00f3ria?” Esta \u00e9 a per\u00adti\u00adnente per\u00adgunta que abre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-8864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economia","tag-neoliberalismo"],"yoast_head":"\nResenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alexandre Marinho Pimenta –\u00a0“Como a eco\u00adnomia de um pa\u00eds con\u00adti\u00adnental evo\u00adluiu, em apenas sete anos, da eu\u00adforia de um ce\u00adn\u00e1rio de cres\u00adci\u00admento bem acima da m\u00e9dia das \u00fal\u00adtimas d\u00e9\u00adcadas, com vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos for\u00admais e al\u00adguma re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o das de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades, para uma das mai\u00adores crises de sua his\u00adt\u00f3ria?” Esta \u00e9 a per\u00adti\u00adnente per\u00adgunta que abre […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"840\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"444\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ricardo Alvarez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@contro_versia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ricardo Alvarez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"26 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"headline\":\"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5119,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"Neoliberalismo\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Economia\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/\",\"name\":\"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/05\\\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1\",\"width\":840,\"height\":444},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/11\\\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"In\u00edcio\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/\",\"name\":\"Controversia\",\"description\":\"Um site de leitura e debate\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\",\"name\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"width\":1015,\"height\":1024,\"caption\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\"},\"description\":\"Professor, mestre em geografia urbana pela USP e criador do site Controv\u00e9rsia e escreve semanalmente.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/Controversiascontemporaneas\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/controversia\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/contro_versia\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/","og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia","og_description":"Alexandre Marinho Pimenta –\u00a0“Como a eco\u00adnomia de um pa\u00eds con\u00adti\u00adnental evo\u00adluiu, em apenas sete anos, da eu\u00adforia de um ce\u00adn\u00e1rio de cres\u00adci\u00admento bem acima da m\u00e9dia das \u00fal\u00adtimas d\u00e9\u00adcadas, com vi\u00adgo\u00adrosa ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpregos for\u00admais e al\u00adguma re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o das de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades, para uma das mai\u00adores crises de sua his\u00adt\u00f3ria?” Esta \u00e9 a per\u00adti\u00adnente per\u00adgunta que abre […]","og_url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/","og_site_name":"Controversia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","article_published_time":"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":840,"height":444,"url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ricardo Alvarez","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia","twitter_site":"@contro_versia","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Ricardo Alvarez","Tempo estimado de leitura":"26 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/"},"author":{"name":"Ricardo Alvarez","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"headline":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico","datePublished":"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/"},"wordCount":5119,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1","keywords":["Neoliberalismo"],"articleSection":["Economia"],"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/","name":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico - Controversia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1","datePublished":"2018-08-11T19:35:18+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1","width":840,"height":444},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2018\/08\/11\/resenha-de-valsa-brasileira-do-boom-ao-caos-economico\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"In\u00edcio","item":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Resenha de Valsa brasileira: do boom ao caos econ\u00f4mico"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/","name":"Controversia","description":"Um site de leitura e debate","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-PT"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2","name":"Ricardo Alvarez","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","width":1015,"height":1024,"caption":"Ricardo Alvarez"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png"},"description":"Professor, mestre em geografia urbana pela USP e criador do site Controv\u00e9rsia e escreve semanalmente.","sameAs":["http:\/\/controversia.com.br","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/controversia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia"]}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/laura-carvalho.jpg?fit=840%2C444&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8864"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8865,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8864\/revisions\/8865"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}