{"id":8706,"date":"2018-08-01T15:33:18","date_gmt":"2018-08-01T18:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=8706"},"modified":"2018-07-31T13:35:03","modified_gmt":"2018-07-31T16:35:03","slug":"oriente-e-ocidente-do-cristianismo-ao-marxismo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/01\/oriente-e-ocidente-do-cristianismo-ao-marxismo\/","title":{"rendered":"Oriente e Ocidente: do cristianismo ao marxismo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Domenico Losurdo<\/strong> – Nas\u00adcido no co\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do Oci\u00addente, com a Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de Ou\u00adtubro, o mar\u00adxismo se di\u00adfundiu por todo o mundo, pe\u00adne\u00adtrando com for\u00e7a em pa\u00edses e \u00e1reas em con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4\u00admicas e so\u00adciais mais atra\u00adsadas e com uma cul\u00adtura muito di\u00adfe\u00adrente. Tendo atr\u00e1s de si a tra\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o ju\u00addaico-crist\u00e3, o mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental, como vimos, n\u00e3o poucas vezes evoca mo\u00adtivos mes\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e2\u00adnicos (a es\u00adpera por um \u201cco\u00admu\u00adnismo\u201d con\u00adce\u00adbido e sen\u00adtido como a re\u00adso\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de todos os con\u00adflitos e con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es e, por\u00adtanto, como uma es\u00adp\u00e9cie de fim da his\u00adt\u00f3ria). Mas o mes\u00adsi\u00ada\u00adnismo est\u00e1 fran\u00adca\u00admente au\u00adsente numa cul\u00adtura como a chi\u00adnesa, em geral ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adri\u00adzada, em seu de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento mi\u00adlenar, pela aten\u00e7\u00e3o re\u00adser\u00advada \u00e0 re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade mun\u00addana e so\u00adcial.<\/p>\n

A ex\u00adpans\u00e3o pla\u00adne\u00adt\u00e1ria do mar\u00adxismo \u00e9 o in\u00edcio de um pro\u00adcesso de dis\u00adtan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admento, que \u00e9 a outra face de uma re\u00adtum\u00adbante vi\u00adt\u00f3ria. \u00c9 aquilo que his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adca\u00admente se ve\u00adri\u00adficou no caso das grandes re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00f5es. No que se re\u00adfere ao cris\u00adti\u00ada\u00adnismo, que n\u00e3o por acaso En\u00adgels in\u00adsis\u00adten\u00adte\u00admente com\u00adpara com o mo\u00advi\u00admento so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista, a di\u00advis\u00e3o entre or\u00adto\u00addoxos, de um lado, e pro\u00adtes\u00adtantes e ca\u00adt\u00f3\u00adlicos, de outro, cor\u00adres\u00adponde, grosso modo, \u00e0 di\u00advis\u00e3o entre Oci\u00addente e Ori\u00adente.<\/p>\n

A certa al\u00adtura, entre o fim do s\u00e9\u00adculo 17 e o in\u00edcio do s\u00e9\u00adculo 18, o cris\u00adti\u00ada\u00adnismo pa\u00adrecia prestes a se ex\u00adpandir am\u00adpla\u00admente tamb\u00e9m no Ori\u00adente asi\u00e1\u00adtico: go\u00adzavam de grande pres\u00adt\u00edgio e exer\u00adciam no\u00adt\u00e1vel in\u00adflu\u00eancia na China os mis\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios je\u00adsu\u00edtas, que le\u00advavam con\u00adsigo co\u00adnhe\u00adci\u00admentos m\u00e9\u00addicos e ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adficos avan\u00ad\u00e7ados e, ao mesmo tempo, se adap\u00adtavam \u00e0 cul\u00adtura do pa\u00eds que os hos\u00adpe\u00addava, ren\u00addendo ho\u00adme\u00adnagem a Con\u00adf\u00facio e ao culto dos an\u00adte\u00adpas\u00adsados.<\/p>\n

Por\u00e9m, di\u00adante da in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o do papa em de\u00adfesa da pu\u00adreza ori\u00adgi\u00adn\u00e1ria da re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00e3o crist\u00e3-ca\u00adt\u00f3\u00adlica, o im\u00adpe\u00adrador chin\u00eas re\u00adagiu fe\u00adchando as portas do Im\u00adp\u00e9rio do Meio aos mis\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios. O cris\u00adti\u00ada\u00adnismo era bem-vindo quando acei\u00adtava sua sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e pro\u00admovia o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adfico, so\u00adcial e hu\u00admano do pa\u00eds em que era cha\u00admado a operar; era, no en\u00adtanto, re\u00adpe\u00adlido como corpo es\u00adtranho quando visto como uma re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00e3o que pro\u00admovia uma sal\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adbre\u00adna\u00adtural nem um pouco res\u00adpei\u00adtosa com a cul\u00adtura e os la\u00e7os hu\u00admanos e so\u00adciais vi\u00adgentes no pa\u00eds em que se en\u00adcon\u00adtrava.<\/p>\n

Algo se\u00adme\u00adlhante acon\u00adteceu com o mar\u00adxismo. J\u00e1 com Mao, o Par\u00adtido Co\u00admu\u00adnista Chin\u00eas pro\u00admoveu a \u201csig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o do mar\u00adxismo\u201d e com isso ga\u00adnhou im\u00adpulso para a luta de li\u00adber\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o do do\u00adm\u00ednio co\u00adlo\u00adnial, para um de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento das for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas capaz de pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adlitar a re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o da in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00add\u00eancia tamb\u00e9m no plano econ\u00f4\u00admico e tec\u00adno\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico, para o \u201cre\u00adju\u00adve\u00adnes\u00adci\u00admento\u201d de uma na\u00e7\u00e3o de ci\u00advi\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o mi\u00adlenar, sub\u00adme\u00adtida pelo co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00ada\u00adlismo e pelo im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlismo ao \u201cs\u00e9\u00adculo de hu\u00admi\u00adlha\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d ini\u00adciado com as guerras do \u00f3pio.<\/p>\n

Longe de ser ne\u00adgada, a pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista e co\u00admu\u00adnista \u00e9 or\u00adgu\u00adlho\u00adsa\u00admente pro\u00adcla\u00admada pelos di\u00adri\u00adgentes da Re\u00adp\u00fa\u00adblica Po\u00adpular da China: tal pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva, por\u00e9m, est\u00e1 des\u00adpida de todo ca\u00adr\u00e1ter mes\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e2\u00adnico; al\u00e9m disso, sua re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 li\u00adgada a um pro\u00adcesso his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrico muito longo, no de\u00adcorrer do qual a eman\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adcial n\u00e3o pode ser se\u00adpa\u00adrada da eman\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o na\u00adci\u00adonal. E, de novo, o re\u00adp\u00fadio prov\u00e9m do Oci\u00addente, guar\u00addi\u00e3o da or\u00adto\u00addoxia dou\u00adtri\u00adn\u00e1ria, do mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental.<\/p>\n

Este, agora, fus\u00adtiga o mar\u00adxismo ori\u00adental, que \u00e9 pin\u00adtado como des\u00adpro\u00advido de cre\u00addi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade e, por\u00adtanto, banal do ponto de vista de um mar\u00adxismo fas\u00adci\u00adnado pela be\u00adleza do fu\u00adturo re\u00admoto e ut\u00f3\u00adpico que ele mesmo evoca, e cujo ad\u00advento pa\u00adrece ser in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00addente de qual\u00adquer con\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento ma\u00adte\u00adrial (quer se trate da si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o ge\u00ado\u00adpo\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica ou do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento das for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas), por ser de\u00adter\u00admi\u00adnado ex\u00adclu\u00adsi\u00adva\u00admente ou de modo ab\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adta\u00admente pri\u00ado\u00adri\u00adt\u00e1rio pela von\u00adtade po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1ria.<\/p>\n

O de\u00adsen\u00adcanto, o dis\u00adtan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admento, a cis\u00e3o de que aqui se fala n\u00e3o visam so\u00admente a China: se\u00adguido pelo mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental com aten\u00e7\u00e3o par\u00adt\u00ed\u00adcipe e apai\u00adxo\u00adnada en\u00adquanto opunha re\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia \u00e9pica a uma guerra co\u00adlo\u00adnial de d\u00e9\u00adcadas que teve como pro\u00adta\u00adgo\u00adnistas, pri\u00admeiro, a Fran\u00e7a, de\u00adpois, os Es\u00adtados Unidos, em\u00adbora hoje quase se\u00adpul\u00adtado no es\u00adque\u00adci\u00admento, \u00e9 o Vi\u00adetn\u00e3 que est\u00e1 em\u00adpe\u00adnhado na pro\u00adsaica ta\u00adrefa da edi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admica. A pr\u00f3\u00adpria Cuba j\u00e1 n\u00e3o sus\u00adcita o en\u00adtu\u00adsi\u00adasmo dos anos em que lu\u00adtava contra a agress\u00e3o mi\u00adlitar exe\u00adcu\u00adtada (sem su\u00adcesso) em 1961 e por longo tempo pre\u00adpa\u00adrada por Washington.<\/p>\n

Agora que o pe\u00adrigo da in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o mi\u00adlitar passou a ser re\u00admoto, os di\u00adri\u00adgentes co\u00admu\u00adnistas de Cuba al\u00admejam re\u00adfor\u00e7ar a in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00add\u00eancia no plano, tamb\u00e9m e so\u00adbre\u00adtudo, econ\u00f4\u00admico, e para al\u00adcan\u00e7ar esse re\u00adsul\u00adtado sentem-se obri\u00adgados a fazer al\u00adgumas con\u00adces\u00ads\u00f5es ao mer\u00adcado e \u00e0 pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade pri\u00advada (ins\u00adpi\u00adrando-se de modo bas\u00adtante cau\u00adte\u00adloso no mo\u00addelo chin\u00eas). Pois bem, a ilha, que j\u00e1 n\u00e3o se as\u00adse\u00admelha \u00e0 utopia em pleno de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento, mas se re\u00advela \u00e0s voltas com as di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addades pr\u00f3\u00adprias do pro\u00adcesso de cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade p\u00f3s-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, mostra-se bem menos fas\u00adci\u00adnante aos olhos dos mar\u00adxistas oci\u00adden\u00adtais.<\/p>\n

Quando es\u00adtava em seu es\u00adt\u00e1gio ini\u00adcial, aquele da luta mi\u00adlitar pela in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00add\u00eancia po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00adti\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adnial ra\u00adra\u00admente sus\u00adcitou no mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental a aten\u00e7\u00e3o em\u00adp\u00e1\u00adtica e o in\u00adte\u00adresse te\u00f3\u00adrico que ela me\u00adrecia; agora que a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00adti\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adnial est\u00e1 em seu se\u00adgundo es\u00adt\u00e1gio, o es\u00adt\u00e1gio da luta pela in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00add\u00eancia econ\u00f4\u00admica e tec\u00adno\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica, o mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental reage com uma pos\u00adtura mar\u00adcada pelo de\u00adsin\u00adte\u00adresse, pelo desd\u00e9m, pela hos\u00adti\u00adli\u00addade. A cis\u00e3o entre os dois mar\u00adxismos se deu pela in\u00adca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00addade do mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental em re\u00adco\u00adnhecer a gui\u00adnada ocor\u00adrida no s\u00e9\u00adculo 20.<\/p>\n

En\u00adquanto se adensam as nu\u00advens de uma nova grande tem\u00adpes\u00adtade b\u00e9\u00adlica, tal cis\u00e3o se mostra ainda mais la\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1vel. \u00c9 hora de dar cabo dela. Na\u00adtu\u00adral\u00admente, nem por isso se dis\u00adsi\u00adpar\u00e3o as di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7as que sub\u00adsistem entre Ori\u00adente e Oci\u00addente no que se re\u00adfere \u00e0 cul\u00adtura, ao es\u00adt\u00e1gio do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico, so\u00adcial e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico, e \u00e0s ta\u00adrefas a serem en\u00adfren\u00adtadas: no Ori\u00adente, a pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista n\u00e3o pode abrir m\u00e3o de con\u00adcluir, em todos os n\u00ed\u00adveis, a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00adti\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adnial; no Oci\u00addente, a pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista passa pela luta contra um ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo que \u00e9 sin\u00f4\u00adnimo de apro\u00adfun\u00adda\u00admento da po\u00adla\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adcial e de cres\u00adcentes ten\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es mi\u00adli\u00adtares.<\/p>\n

No en\u00adtanto, n\u00e3o vemos mo\u00adtivos para a trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o de tais di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7as em an\u00adta\u00adgo\u00adnismo. So\u00adbre\u00adtudo agora que a ex\u00adco\u00admu\u00adnh\u00e3o do mar\u00adxismo ori\u00adental pelo mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental pro\u00admoveu o fim, n\u00e3o do ex\u00adco\u00admun\u00adgado, mas do ex\u00adco\u00admun\u00adgador. A su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de todo com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admento dou\u00adtri\u00adn\u00e1rio e a dis\u00adpo\u00adni\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade de se con\u00adfrontar com o pr\u00f3\u00adprio tempo e de fi\u00adlo\u00adsofar em vez de pro\u00adfe\u00adtizar s\u00e3o a con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1ria para que o mar\u00adxismo possa re\u00adnascer e se de\u00adsen\u00advolver no Oci\u00addente.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/13353-oriente-e-ocidente-do-cristianismo-ao-marxismo<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Domenico Losurdo – Nas\u00adcido no co\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do Oci\u00addente, com a Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de Ou\u00adtubro, o mar\u00adxismo se di\u00adfundiu por todo o mundo, pe\u00adne\u00adtrando com for\u00e7a em pa\u00edses e \u00e1reas em con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4\u00admicas e so\u00adciais mais atra\u00adsadas e com uma cul\u00adtura muito di\u00adfe\u00adrente. Tendo atr\u00e1s de si a tra\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o ju\u00addaico-crist\u00e3, o mar\u00adxismo oci\u00addental, como vimos, n\u00e3o poucas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[30],"class_list":["post-8706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teoria","tag-ideologia"],"yoast_head":"\nOriente e Ocidente: do cristianismo ao marxismo - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/08\/01\/oriente-e-ocidente-do-cristianismo-ao-marxismo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oriente e Ocidente: do cristianismo ao marxismo - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Domenico Losurdo – Nas\u00adcido no co\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do Oci\u00addente, com a Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de Ou\u00adtubro, o mar\u00adxismo se di\u00adfundiu por todo o mundo, pe\u00adne\u00adtrando com for\u00e7a em pa\u00edses e \u00e1reas em con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4\u00admicas e so\u00adciais mais atra\u00adsadas e com uma cul\u00adtura muito di\u00adfe\u00adrente. 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