{"id":7808,"date":"2018-04-17T09:40:27","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T12:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=7808"},"modified":"2018-09-03T15:23:24","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T18:23:24","slug":"notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/04\/17\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (9)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wladimir Pomar <\/strong>– Para tentar sair da crise em que o Brasil havia afun\u00addado na d\u00e9\u00adcada an\u00adte\u00adrior, nos anos 1990 a bur\u00adguesia se en\u00adgajou em v\u00e1\u00adrios mo\u00advi\u00admentos, tendo como mote prin\u00adcipal a re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o da in\u00adfla\u00e7\u00e3o. Re\u00ada\u00adlizou uma des\u00adbra\u00adgada aber\u00adtura co\u00admer\u00adcial. Li\u00adberou o mo\u00advi\u00admento dos ca\u00adpi\u00adtais fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros, da taxa de juros e da taxa de c\u00e2mbio. Pri\u00adva\u00adtizou em\u00adpresas p\u00fa\u00adblicas. In\u00adcen\u00adtivou a venda des\u00adcon\u00adtro\u00adlada de em\u00adpresas pri\u00advadas. Aban\u00addonou a in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o es\u00adtatal nos pro\u00adcessos in\u00addus\u00adtriais. E am\u00adpliou o pe\u00adsado fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admento ao agro\u00adne\u00adg\u00f3cio.<\/p>\n

O con\u00adjunto de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas ma\u00adcro\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admicas obe\u00addi\u00adentes ao ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adbe\u00adra\u00adlismo do Con\u00adsenso de Washington su\u00adpos\u00adta\u00admente re\u00ador\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzaria a eco\u00adnomia e re\u00adto\u00admaria o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento. Re\u00adsultou, por\u00e9m, no des\u00admonte de parte im\u00adpor\u00adtante do parque in\u00addus\u00adtrial exis\u00adtente, em juros que in\u00advi\u00ada\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adzaram in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos pro\u00addu\u00adtivos, na ele\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o da d\u00ed\u00advida p\u00fa\u00adblica in\u00adterna e ex\u00adterna, e na ado\u00e7\u00e3o de um c\u00e2mbio que re\u00adbaixou a ca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00addade de con\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia dos ma\u00adnu\u00adfa\u00adtu\u00adrados bra\u00adsi\u00adleiros no mer\u00adcado in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal. No final da d\u00e9\u00adcada quase s\u00f3 so\u00adbraram os grandes bancos e as cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, cujo poder de mo\u00adno\u00adp\u00f3lio lhes ga\u00adrantia su\u00adper\u00adlu\u00adcros.<\/p>\n

Se com\u00adpa\u00adrada com as classes do\u00admi\u00adnantes da China e do Vi\u00adetn\u00e3 no mesmo pe\u00adr\u00edodo, a classe do\u00admi\u00adnante ca\u00adbloca tornou o Brasil in\u00adcapaz de apro\u00adveitar a glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpital para se\u00adguir um de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00addente e so\u00adbe\u00adrano. Aqui, o Es\u00adtado se ajustou \u00e0s exi\u00adg\u00ean\u00adcias das cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, en\u00adquanto na\u00adqueles pa\u00edses tais cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ti\u00adveram que ajustar-se \u00e0s exi\u00adg\u00ean\u00adcias do Es\u00adtado. Aqui, os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos es\u00adtran\u00adgeiros foram re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzados de acordo com as de\u00adci\u00ads\u00f5es dos in\u00adves\u00adti\u00addores, mas l\u00e1 tais in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos s\u00f3 se re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzaram quando obe\u00adde\u00adceram aos re\u00adgu\u00adla\u00admentos para in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos es\u00adtran\u00adgeiros, cujo ob\u00adje\u00adtivo con\u00adsistia em adensar as ca\u00addeias pro\u00addu\u00adtivas de todos os de\u00adpar\u00adta\u00admentos econ\u00f4\u00admicos.<\/p>\n

Na China, entre 1978 e 1990, tais in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos ti\u00adnham que di\u00adrigir-se pri\u00admeiro e ex\u00adclu\u00adsi\u00adva\u00admente para as Zonas Econ\u00f4\u00admicas Es\u00adpe\u00adciais, que vi\u00adsavam \u00e0 dis\u00adputa no co\u00adm\u00e9rcio in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal. So\u00admente no in\u00edcio dos anos 1990, ap\u00f3s as es\u00adta\u00adtais e as em\u00adpresas pri\u00advadas ha\u00adverem se be\u00adne\u00adfi\u00adciado das trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00ean\u00adcias de novas ou altas tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgias exi\u00adgidas por aqueles re\u00adgu\u00adla\u00admentos, \u00e9 que o resto do pa\u00eds foi sendo pau\u00adla\u00adti\u00adna\u00admente aberto \u00e0 con\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia de em\u00adpresas es\u00adtran\u00adgeiras. Mesmo assim a taxa de c\u00e2mbio con\u00adti\u00adnuou sendo ad\u00admi\u00adnis\u00adtrada para ga\u00adrantir a com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00e7\u00e3o dos pro\u00addutos chi\u00adneses no mer\u00adcado in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal, en\u00adquanto as taxas de juros con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00adaram com\u00adpa\u00adt\u00ed\u00adveis com os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos pro\u00addu\u00adtivos e a acu\u00admu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00adterna do ca\u00adpital.<\/p>\n

En\u00adquanto no Brasil o mer\u00adcado foi des\u00adre\u00adgu\u00adlado, na China e no Vi\u00adetn\u00e3 o mer\u00adcado foi for\u00admal\u00admente ori\u00aden\u00adtado para elevar a con\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia, ou a com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00e7\u00e3o, in\u00adclu\u00adsive entre as em\u00adpresas es\u00adta\u00adtais, e para manter sob con\u00adtrole es\u00adtatal os sis\u00adtemas de cr\u00e9\u00addito, de c\u00e2mbio e de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adfico e tec\u00adno\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico. Isso lhes per\u00admitiu evitar que parte subs\u00adtan\u00adcial de seus PIBs fosse trans\u00adfe\u00adrida, na forma de di\u00advi\u00addendos, lu\u00adcros e juros, para as po\u00adt\u00ean\u00adcias-sedes das em\u00adpresas trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais. O que le\u00advaria \u00e0 re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o da ca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00addade de in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos pr\u00f3\u00adprios, e for\u00ad\u00e7aria a cap\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adpr\u00e9s\u00adtimos ex\u00adternos para manter em fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento suas m\u00e1\u00adquinas es\u00adta\u00adtais.<\/p>\n

Foram essas di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7as do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento em re\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o ao Brasil e aos de\u00admais pa\u00edses que se su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnaram ao Con\u00adsenso de Washington que per\u00admitiu \u00e0 China e ao Vi\u00adetn\u00e3 manter taxas ele\u00advadas de cres\u00adci\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico (6% a 7%) mesmo du\u00adrante o pico da crise global dis\u00adse\u00admi\u00adnada a partir de 2008. Tamb\u00e9m foram essas di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7as que lhes per\u00admi\u00adtiram, desde ent\u00e3o, trans\u00adferir com re\u00adla\u00adtivo su\u00adcesso o centro de re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o\/con\u00adsumo de sua pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o do mer\u00adcado ex\u00adterno para o mer\u00adcado in\u00adterno, mesmo con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00adando ativos no mer\u00adcado in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal de pro\u00addutos in\u00addus\u00adtriais.<\/p>\n

Apesar dessas e de ou\u00adtras ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00ean\u00adcias in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, na \u00c1sia e na \u00c1frica, de apro\u00advei\u00adta\u00admento po\u00adsi\u00adtivo e so\u00adbe\u00adrano da glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, no Brasil con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00adaram pre\u00addo\u00admi\u00adnando con\u00adcep\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00ada\u00adlistas e agra\u00adristas sobre a in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria. Exemplo re\u00adcente de tais con\u00adcep\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, rei\u00adte\u00adradas aber\u00adta\u00admente, s\u00e3o as belas pro\u00adpa\u00adgandas te\u00adle\u00advi\u00adsivas sobre o agro. Para que ter in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria, po\u00adlu\u00adente e de ma\u00adtu\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o lenta, se o agro se diz a ver\u00adda\u00addeira in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria, pop e tech, su\u00adpos\u00adta\u00admente re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzando o sonho anual de ce\u00adleiro do mundo?<\/p>\n

Pre\u00addo\u00admina em v\u00e1\u00adrios c\u00edr\u00adculos do\u00admi\u00adnantes a su\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o de que po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas in\u00addus\u00adtriais n\u00e3o pro\u00adduzem re\u00adsul\u00adtados ime\u00addi\u00adatos. Para eles, \u00e9 mais eficaz e pro\u00addu\u00adtivo pri\u00adva\u00adtizar as in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtrias es\u00adta\u00adtais, per\u00admitir que as in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtrias pri\u00advadas sejam com\u00adpradas e trans\u00adfe\u00adridas para ou\u00adtros pa\u00edses, como acon\u00adteceu nos anos 1990, e di\u00adre\u00adci\u00adonar os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e ex\u00adternos para a \u00e1rea fi\u00adnan\u00adceira de altas rendas. Acre\u00additam pi\u00ada\u00admente que es\u00adpe\u00adcular, ge\u00adrando di\u00adnheiro sim\u00adples\u00admente a partir do di\u00adnheiro, sem ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade de correr os riscos do pro\u00adcesso pro\u00addu\u00adtivo, \u00e9 muito mais se\u00adguro e lu\u00adcra\u00adtivo.<\/p>\n

Todas essas con\u00adcep\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es des\u00adcon\u00adsi\u00adderam o fato de que ne\u00adnhum pa\u00eds do mundo, seja ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista ou de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista, con\u00adse\u00adguiu ter pro\u00adje\u00e7\u00e3o e criar con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es para o bem-estar po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00adci\u00adonal sem haver cons\u00adtru\u00eddo um sis\u00adtema in\u00addus\u00adtrial re\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente com\u00adpleto. Para tanto, todos en\u00adfren\u00adtaram ques\u00adt\u00f5es me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgicas di\u00adversas, cujo equa\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento per\u00admitiu, no pro\u00adcesso de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento, maior ou menor ra\u00adpidez, mai\u00adores ou me\u00adnores traumas po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, mai\u00adores ou me\u00adnores crises es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9\u00adtodos de choque ou su\u00adaves, de curto ou de longo prazo, sob co\u00admando do mer\u00adcado ou do Es\u00adtado, sob do\u00adm\u00ednio da con\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia ou do mo\u00adno\u00adp\u00f3lio, na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnal\u00admente dis\u00adperso ou re\u00adgi\u00ado\u00adnal\u00admente con\u00adcen\u00adtrado, tendo por base os bens de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o ou os bens de con\u00adsumo, a in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria pe\u00adsada ou a in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria leve, foram em\u00adpre\u00adgados por todos os pa\u00edses que in\u00adgres\u00adsaram na in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, muitas vezes in\u00adcluindo a uti\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ou com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o desses polos me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgicos con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios.<\/p>\n

Os Es\u00adtados Unidos uti\u00adli\u00adzaram m\u00e9\u00adtodos de choque para impor a in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o a todo o pa\u00eds (guerra de Se\u00adcess\u00e3o) e para se firmar como po\u00adt\u00eancia mun\u00addial no curto prazo de 50 anos (guerra co\u00adlo\u00adnial contra a Es\u00adpanha e par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o na Pri\u00admeira Guerra Mun\u00addial), com o r\u00e1\u00adpido de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento de suas grandes em\u00adpresas. O poder de in\u00adflu\u00eancia de tais em\u00adpresas se tornou um dos prin\u00adci\u00adpais en\u00adtraves, at\u00e9 os anos 1950, \u00e0 in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o dos pa\u00edses atra\u00adsados. Pa\u00adra\u00adle\u00adla\u00admente, nesse pe\u00adr\u00edodo os EUA viram-se con\u00adfron\u00adtados com as crises ine\u00adrentes ao co\u00admando do mer\u00adcado sobre o Es\u00adtado, sendo obri\u00adgados a aceitar, nos anos 1930, o co\u00admando deste sobre o mer\u00adcado.<\/p>\n

S\u00f3 ap\u00f3s a Se\u00adgunda Guerra Mun\u00addial o co\u00admando do mer\u00adcado sobre o Es\u00adtado foi re\u00adto\u00admado. A partir dos anos 1950 ocorreu uma cres\u00adcente ele\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o da pro\u00addu\u00adti\u00advi\u00addade in\u00addus\u00adtrial com a in\u00adcor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o con\u00adti\u00adnuada das ci\u00ad\u00ean\u00adcias e tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgias \u00e0s for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas, a subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o do tra\u00adbalho vivo pelo tra\u00adbalho morto e a subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o das grandes em\u00adpresas mul\u00adti\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais por cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, pres\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnando a ten\u00add\u00eancia de queda da taxa m\u00e9dia de lucro.<\/p>\n

Foram essas mu\u00addan\u00e7as es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais que im\u00adpe\u00adliram os ca\u00adpi\u00adtais \u00e0 busca ex\u00adterna de sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios mais baixos atrav\u00e9s de in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos em pa\u00edses atra\u00adsados e ca\u00adrentes de re\u00adcursos. Assim, \u00e0 me\u00addida que a ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de ca\u00adpi\u00adtais se imp\u00f4s como ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade im\u00adpe\u00adriosa para a con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o e a cen\u00adtra\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpital em al\u00adgumas poucas grandes cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas, a partir dos anos 1970 foram ainda mais ace\u00adle\u00adradas as re\u00adformas es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais que im\u00adpul\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnaram a avas\u00adsa\u00adla\u00addora glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista.<\/p>\n

Tais re\u00adformas fi\u00adzeram com que os Es\u00adtados Unidos se de\u00adfron\u00adtassem com cres\u00adcente de\u00adsin\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, de\u00adsem\u00adprego da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho, baixas taxas de cres\u00adci\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico, re\u00adcru\u00addes\u00adci\u00admento da po\u00adbreza e fim do pro\u00adpa\u00adlado e gla\u00admo\u00adroso Ame\u00adrican Way of Life. O fen\u00f4\u00admeno Trump \u00e9 apenas um as\u00adpecto po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico das con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00adternas que emer\u00adgiram du\u00adrante a ca\u00admi\u00adnhada me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano.<\/p>\n

A China so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista, por seu lado, deu-se conta de que o mo\u00addelo es\u00adta\u00adtista so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtico de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico e so\u00adcial se tor\u00adnara um beco sem sa\u00edda. E que suas ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00ean\u00adcias trau\u00adm\u00e1\u00adticas do Grande Salto Adi\u00adante e da Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Cul\u00adtural Pro\u00adle\u00adt\u00e1ria tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o lhe per\u00admi\u00adtiam re\u00ada\u00adlizar o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento am\u00adpliado das for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas e atender \u00e0s de\u00admandas de con\u00adsumo de sua po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o. O que a levou, entre 1976 e 1978, a re\u00adcu\u00adperar a tese mar\u00adxista cl\u00e1s\u00adsica de que ne\u00adnhuma for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial sai da his\u00adt\u00f3ria sem haver es\u00adgo\u00adtado todas as suas pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento. Em termos pr\u00e1\u00adticos, o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo n\u00e3o pode ser subs\u00adti\u00adtu\u00eddo antes que o cons\u00adtante re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento de suas for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas chegue ao ponto de des\u00adtruir a ca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00addade do mer\u00adcado con\u00adsumir sua pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Tendo isso em con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o, e a pr\u00f3\u00adpria ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00eancia do co\u00admando do Es\u00adtado nas crises ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas, a China em\u00adpre\u00adendeu uma re\u00adforma cuja me\u00adto\u00addo\u00adlogia in\u00adclui longo prazo, m\u00fal\u00adti\u00adplas ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es e sem cho\u00adques, com\u00adbi\u00adnando o co\u00admando do Es\u00adtado na po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica e na eco\u00adnomia, com a a\u00e7\u00e3o re\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente or\u00adde\u00adnada do mer\u00adcado. Tudo no sen\u00adtido de de\u00adsen\u00advolver as for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas, es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00adal\u00admente in\u00addus\u00adtriais, ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adfica e tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adca\u00admente avan\u00ad\u00e7adas, e su\u00adperar pau\u00adla\u00adti\u00adna\u00admente a pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade pri\u00advada pela pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade so\u00adcial.<\/p>\n

Di\u00adzendo de outro modo, desde 1980 o Es\u00adtado chin\u00eas passou a aplicar as re\u00adgras de con\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia do mer\u00adcado tanto sobre seus ins\u00adtru\u00admentos econ\u00f4\u00admicos (em\u00adpresas etc.) quanto sobre seus ins\u00adtru\u00admentos so\u00adciais e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticos (re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, luta de classes, com\u00adbate \u00e0 cor\u00adrup\u00e7\u00e3o, sis\u00adtema par\u00adla\u00admentar etc.), tendo em conta seu grande atraso de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrico e tendo como ho\u00adri\u00adzonte a su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o da tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista a longo prazo.<\/p>\n

Em vista de tudo isso, pode-se n\u00e3o acre\u00additar que a China seja so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista, con\u00adsi\u00adder\u00e1-la uma na\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, n\u00e3o gostar dos chi\u00adneses, ou de seus co\u00admu\u00adnistas, ou at\u00e9 mesmo acre\u00additar que tal ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00eancia corre o risco de su\u00adcumbir ao co\u00admando do mer\u00adcado e da nova classe bur\u00adguesa que emergiu em seu so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo de mer\u00adcado. Mas \u00e9 muito di\u00adf\u00edcil jogar no lixo, ou n\u00e3o dar aten\u00e7\u00e3o, ao fato de que, em menos de 40 anos, o co\u00admando es\u00adtatal e a com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o e com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00e7\u00e3o entre em\u00adpresas es\u00adta\u00adtais e em\u00adpresas pri\u00advadas, na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e es\u00adtran\u00adgeiras, per\u00admitiu \u00e0 China um de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico, so\u00adcial e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico muito mais veloz do que, an\u00adte\u00adri\u00ador\u00admente, os Es\u00adtados Unidos.<\/p>\n

Di\u00adversas de suas es\u00adta\u00adtais trans\u00adfor\u00admaram-se em cam\u00adpe\u00e3s na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais com forte pre\u00adsen\u00e7a in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal, e a China se tornou a se\u00adgunda na\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00addus\u00adtrial mais de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advida do pla\u00adneta, com a pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva de ocupar o pri\u00admeiro posto nos pr\u00f3\u00adximos 20 anos. N\u00e3o \u00e9 pouco.<\/p>\n

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Wladimir Pomar – Para tentar sair da crise em que o Brasil havia afun\u00addado na d\u00e9\u00adcada an\u00adte\u00adrior, nos anos 1990 a bur\u00adguesia se en\u00adgajou em v\u00e1\u00adrios mo\u00advi\u00admentos, tendo como mote prin\u00adcipal a re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o da in\u00adfla\u00e7\u00e3o. Re\u00ada\u00adlizou uma des\u00adbra\u00adgada aber\u00adtura co\u00admer\u00adcial. Li\u00adberou o mo\u00advi\u00admento dos ca\u00adpi\u00adtais fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros, da taxa de juros e da taxa de c\u00e2mbio. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[57,74],"class_list":["post-7808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teoria","tag-capitalismo","tag-socialismo"],"yoast_head":"\nNotas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (9) - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/04\/17\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (9) - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wladimir Pomar – Para tentar sair da crise em que o Brasil havia afun\u00addado na d\u00e9\u00adcada an\u00adte\u00adrior, nos anos 1990 a bur\u00adguesia se en\u00adgajou em v\u00e1\u00adrios mo\u00advi\u00admentos, tendo como mote prin\u00adcipal a re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o da in\u00adfla\u00e7\u00e3o. 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