{"id":7466,"date":"2018-03-12T15:52:11","date_gmt":"2018-03-12T18:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=7466"},"modified":"2018-09-03T15:24:50","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T18:24:50","slug":"notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/03\/12\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (7)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wladimir Pomar<\/strong> – Os termos so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo e co\u00admu\u00adnismo ti\u00adveram origem, no s\u00e9\u00adculo 18, em cor\u00adrentes re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adosas pre\u00ado\u00adcu\u00adpadas com a ali\u00ade\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o e a mor\u00adbidez da nas\u00adcente ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista sobre os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores. Elas su\u00adpu\u00adnham que atrav\u00e9s da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e de ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e1\u00adticas de tra\u00adbalho so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzado ou co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adt\u00e1rio seria pos\u00ads\u00edvel trans\u00adformar o en\u00adten\u00addi\u00admento dos ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00addores e mo\u00addi\u00adficar a so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o en\u00adten\u00addiam que o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo era um con\u00adjunto (modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial) his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adca\u00admente ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1rio e da\u00adtado. Ele tinha por base a ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores, por um lado li\u00advres para vender sua for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho e, por outro, sub\u00adju\u00adgados ao apa\u00adrato t\u00e9c\u00adnico e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico que sur\u00adgira como su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e da for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial feudal. E que, da mesma forma que ocor\u00adrera com o feu\u00adda\u00adlismo, o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo de\u00adveria criar as con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrias para sua pr\u00f3\u00adpria su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o como forma de ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o e opress\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Coube prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admente a Marx e a En\u00adgels des\u00adlin\u00addarem o pro\u00adcesso his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrico de subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o dos modos de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e das for\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adciais atrav\u00e9s do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento de suas con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00adternas. Tendo como ponto de par\u00adtida a trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o das hordas pri\u00admi\u00adtivas em so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addades or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzadas, cada um dos modos e for\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es so\u00adciais nasceu no ca\u00addinho das con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es do modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial do\u00admi\u00adnante, de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advendo-se at\u00e9 o ponto em que su\u00adperou as con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es que o ha\u00adviam ori\u00adgi\u00adnado e abriu passo a novas con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Co\u00admu\u00adnismo pri\u00admi\u00adtivo, es\u00adcra\u00advismo e feu\u00adda\u00adlismo foram os modos de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e as for\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adciais que an\u00adte\u00adce\u00adderam ao ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo. E, da mesma forma que o pa\u00adtri\u00adar\u00adcado e o cli\u00aden\u00adte\u00adlismo foram formas de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o do co\u00admu\u00adnismo pri\u00admi\u00adtivo para o es\u00adcra\u00advismo e deste para o feu\u00adda\u00adlismo, Marx e En\u00adgels ho\u00adme\u00adna\u00adge\u00adaram os ut\u00f3\u00adpicos cha\u00admando de so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo ao pro\u00adcesso de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo a uma for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admica e so\u00adcial su\u00adpe\u00adrior que, tamb\u00e9m em ho\u00adme\u00adnagem aos ut\u00f3\u00adpicos, cha\u00admaram de co\u00admu\u00adnismo.<\/p>\n

Por\u00e9m, ao con\u00adtr\u00e1rio dos ut\u00f3\u00adpicos, Marx e En\u00adgels des\u00adco\u00adbriram que todas as trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adricas de um tipo de so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade para outro de\u00adpen\u00adderam sempre da luta entre as classes con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00adto\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente an\u00adtag\u00f4\u00adnicas em cada modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial: no co\u00admu\u00adnismo pri\u00admi\u00adtivo, entre n\u00e3o-pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrios e pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrios de terras e ani\u00admais; no es\u00adcra\u00advismo, entre es\u00adcravos e es\u00adcra\u00advo\u00adcratas; e no feu\u00adda\u00adlismo, entre cam\u00adpo\u00adneses e se\u00adnhores feu\u00addais.<\/p>\n

Essa luta de classes so\u00admente foi re\u00adsol\u00advida, em cada \u00e9poca his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrica, quando o modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o vi\u00adgente e a for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial re\u00adsul\u00adtante che\u00adgaram a um ponto de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento em que n\u00e3o mais con\u00adse\u00adguiam re\u00adpro\u00adduzir-se como at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o, e em que um novo modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e os in\u00addi\u00adca\u00addores de uma nova for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial apon\u00adtavam para nova fase his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrica. Marx e En\u00adgels con\u00adclu\u00edram da\u00ed que um novo modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e uma nova for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admica e so\u00adcial s\u00f3 se\u00adriam ca\u00adpazes de su\u00adperar o modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e a for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4\u00admico-so\u00adcial exis\u00adtente quando esta es\u00adgo\u00adtasse suas pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades de re\u00adpro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

De\u00addu\u00adziram, ent\u00e3o, que no ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo, onde os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrios da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho, mas n\u00e3o de meios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, e a bur\u00adguesia pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00adt\u00e1ria dos meios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e de grandes somas de di\u00adnheiro tor\u00adnaram-se as prin\u00adci\u00adpais classes an\u00adtag\u00f4\u00adnicas, a luta entre elas de\u00adveria ser re\u00adsol\u00advida pri\u00admeiro nas na\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es em que tais classes es\u00adti\u00advessem mais de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidas. Ou seja, o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo, como forma de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade pri\u00advada e do mer\u00adcado ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista para a pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade so\u00adcial e o aten\u00addi\u00admento comum e pleno das ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addades hu\u00admanas (co\u00admu\u00adnismo), s\u00f3 seria pos\u00ads\u00edvel ap\u00f3s o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento pleno das for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas da so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista.<\/p>\n

Por\u00adtanto, re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas de\u00adve\u00adriam ocorrer pri\u00admeiro nos pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidos. Ou seja, na\u00adqueles pa\u00edses onde as con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es entre o ca\u00adpital e o tra\u00adbalho ha\u00adviam se tor\u00adnado graves e in\u00adsu\u00adpe\u00adr\u00e1\u00adveis no con\u00adtexto ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista. Isto \u00e9, ha\u00adviam che\u00adgado a um ponto em que n\u00e3o mais con\u00adse\u00adguiam ser re\u00adsol\u00advidas pelo modo ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e in\u00addi\u00adcavam a ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade de li\u00adquidar a pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade pri\u00advada como con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar a des\u00adtrui\u00e7\u00e3o da pr\u00f3\u00adpria hu\u00adma\u00adni\u00addade.<\/p>\n

Em termos pr\u00e1\u00adticos, por\u00e9m, a pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva de su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o do modo ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o apre\u00adsen\u00adtava pelo menos dois grandes pro\u00adblemas: um po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico, de re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00admento do poder po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico, ou de re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica pro\u00adpri\u00ada\u00admente dita, e um econ\u00f4\u00admico, de trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade dos meios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e cir\u00adcu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o em pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade so\u00adcial. Di\u00adzendo de outro modo, a so\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de tais pro\u00adblemas con\u00adsistia em trans\u00adformar o Es\u00adtado de ins\u00adtru\u00admento de do\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o da bur\u00adguesia sobre o pro\u00adle\u00adta\u00adriado em ins\u00adtru\u00admento de ex\u00adtin\u00e7\u00e3o da di\u00advis\u00e3o da so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade em classes, e trans\u00adformar o tra\u00adbalho de obri\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o para a sub\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia em ati\u00advi\u00addade li\u00advre\u00admente re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzada como con\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o para a evo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o da es\u00adp\u00e9cie hu\u00admana.<\/p>\n

A re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o como pro\u00adblema po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico at\u00e9 hoje \u00e9 ob\u00adjeto de in\u00adtensas dis\u00adputas te\u00f3\u00adricas, em\u00adbora seja fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtal\u00admente um pro\u00adblema de ordem pr\u00e1\u00adtica. Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas t\u00eam re\u00adsul\u00adtado sempre de si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es em que os de baixo j\u00e1 n\u00e3o su\u00adportam mais viver como at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o e n\u00e3o t\u00eam mais nada a perder, a n\u00e3o ser os gri\u00adlh\u00f5es, e os de cima n\u00e3o mais con\u00adse\u00adguem mandar como at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o. Abor\u00addagem como essa pres\u00adsup\u00f5e que re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios s\u00e3o aqueles que est\u00e3o pre\u00adpa\u00adrados, te\u00f3\u00adrica, pr\u00e1\u00adtica e or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adza\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente para fazer frente a tal si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00ed\u00adtica e atuar no sen\u00adtido de re\u00adsolv\u00ea-la no sen\u00adtido de efe\u00adti\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o\/trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o da si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adcial e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica in\u00adsus\u00adten\u00adt\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

No en\u00adtanto, tem sido comum que su\u00adjeitos, grupos e cor\u00adrentes po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas se con\u00adsi\u00adderem re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios por agir no sen\u00adtido de criar si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrias. Su\u00adp\u00f5em que sua a\u00e7\u00e3o te\u00f3\u00adrica e pr\u00e1\u00adtica \u00e9 o que cria tais si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. Em sen\u00adtido con\u00adtr\u00e1rio, h\u00e1 grupos e cor\u00adrentes po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas que con\u00adsi\u00adderam pos\u00ads\u00edvel que sua a\u00e7\u00e3o or\u00addeira e pro\u00adgres\u00adsista seja capaz de evitar a vi\u00ado\u00adl\u00eancia re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1ria. Tais po\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, em\u00adbora opostas, em geral re\u00adsultam em der\u00adrota e\/ou tra\u00adg\u00e9dia porque t\u00eam pouco a ver com a evo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o ob\u00adje\u00adtiva da luta de classes e do pro\u00adcesso de trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, so\u00adcial e econ\u00f4\u00admica que op\u00f5em as classes do\u00admi\u00adnadas \u00e0s classes do\u00admi\u00adnantes, seja nas for\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adricas pas\u00adsadas, seja no ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo.<\/p>\n

No ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo a si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o pa\u00adrece mais com\u00adplexa porque o tra\u00adba\u00adlhador \u00e9 apa\u00adren\u00adte\u00admente \u201clivre\u201d e, al\u00e9m de ter o di\u00adreito de vender li\u00advre\u00admente sua for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho a quem quiser, tem o \u201cdi\u00adreito de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico\u201d de eleger re\u00adpre\u00adsen\u00adtantes ao par\u00adla\u00admento e ao go\u00adverno. O que tem le\u00advado muitos a su\u00adporem que a bur\u00adguesia tamb\u00e9m se disp\u00f5e a en\u00adtregar o poder po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico se os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores con\u00adquis\u00adtarem a mai\u00adoria e qui\u00adserem ini\u00adciar o pro\u00adcesso pr\u00e1\u00adtico de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista. O que seria ideal.<\/p>\n

Mas a ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00eancia his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrica tem mos\u00adtrado que a pr\u00f3\u00adpria bur\u00adguesia est\u00e1 sempre pronta a apelar para so\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es vi\u00ado\u00adlentas de modo a ga\u00adrantir a con\u00adti\u00adnui\u00addade de seu poder econ\u00f4\u00admico, po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico e ide\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico. O que con\u00adduziu, em v\u00e1\u00adrios pa\u00edses, a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es que pre\u00adten\u00adderam cons\u00adtruir o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo, apesar do atraso de seu de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, vi\u00adrando de ponta ca\u00adbe\u00e7a as pre\u00advi\u00ads\u00f5es de Marx e En\u00adgels a res\u00adpeito e co\u00adlo\u00adcando os so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas e co\u00admu\u00adnistas di\u00adante de novos pro\u00adblemas.<\/p>\n

Na pr\u00e1\u00adtica his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrica, o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento de\u00adsi\u00adgual e des\u00adcom\u00adbi\u00adnado do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo pelo mundo fez com que se con\u00adfor\u00admasse um sis\u00adtema im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista de ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o co\u00adlo\u00adnial, her\u00addado do pe\u00adr\u00edodo mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adlista, pro\u00addu\u00adzindo fen\u00f4\u00admenos di\u00adf\u00ed\u00adceis de prever. Por um lado, a brutal ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o sobre as col\u00f4\u00adnias e se\u00admi\u00adcol\u00f4\u00adnias acirrou as con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00adternas em cada uma delas, assim como entre elas, co\u00adlo\u00adcando a dis\u00adputa co\u00adlo\u00adnial na pauta de todas as po\u00adt\u00ean\u00adcias ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas, fossem avan\u00ad\u00e7adas ou atra\u00adsadas. As guerras do \u00f3pio, his\u00adpano-ame\u00adri\u00adcana, anglo-boers, russo-nip\u00f4\u00adnica e franco-alem\u00e3 foram apenas al\u00adgumas das que po\u00advo\u00adaram a his\u00adt\u00f3ria mun\u00addial com tal dis\u00adputa nos anos fi\u00adnais do s\u00e9\u00adculo 19 e in\u00edcio do s\u00e9\u00adculo 20.<\/p>\n

A ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o co\u00adlo\u00adnial e se\u00admi\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adnial, por outro lado, ao per\u00admitir grandes lu\u00adcros ex\u00adce\u00addentes aos ca\u00adpi\u00adtais im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlistas, pro\u00adduziu um efeito his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrico n\u00e3o pre\u00advisto. Isto \u00e9, fez com que a trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia de parte desses lu\u00adcros ex\u00adce\u00addentes para os sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores das me\u00adtr\u00f3\u00adpoles ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas re\u00adsul\u00adtasse no amai\u00adna\u00admento da luta de classes nesses pa\u00edses, em con\u00adtraste com o acir\u00adra\u00admento das lutas de classe nos pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas atra\u00adsados e nos pa\u00edses co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00adzados e se\u00admi\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adniais. Assim, ao con\u00adtr\u00e1rio do que su\u00adpu\u00adseram Marx e En\u00adgels, o epi\u00adcentro das lutas de classes mi\u00adgrou dos pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidos para os pa\u00edses co\u00adlo\u00adniais e se\u00admi\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adniais, at\u00e9 mesmo para al\u00adguns nos quais as re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas eram muito in\u00adci\u00adpi\u00adentes.<\/p>\n

Essa trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia se tornou ainda mais evi\u00addente na I Guerra Mun\u00addial, na qual se con\u00adfron\u00adtaram dois blocos de pa\u00edses im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlistas na dis\u00adputa pela re\u00addi\u00advis\u00e3o co\u00adlo\u00adnial do mundo. Em con\u00adsequ\u00eancia, a In\u00adgla\u00adterra perdeu a he\u00adge\u00admonia mun\u00addial para os Es\u00adtados Unidos, en\u00adquanto a Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Russa, tendo por base uma ali\u00adan\u00e7a entre ope\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrios e cam\u00adpo\u00adneses e di\u00adri\u00adgida por um par\u00adtido mar\u00adxista, fez com que emer\u00adgisse no ce\u00adn\u00e1rio mun\u00addial uma pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista real.<\/p>\n

A essa re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o se\u00adguiram-se mo\u00advi\u00admentos re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios em pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas re\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente avan\u00ad\u00e7ados (Ale\u00admanha), atra\u00adsados (Hun\u00adgria) e pa\u00edses de ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo muito in\u00adci\u00adpi\u00adente (Tur\u00adquia, Mon\u00adg\u00f3lia), nem todos de ca\u00adr\u00e1ter so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista ou di\u00adri\u00adgidos por par\u00adtidos mar\u00adxistas. Al\u00e9m disso, sob o im\u00adpacto da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o russa se\u00adguiu-se uma ver\u00adda\u00addeira eclos\u00e3o de par\u00adtidos mar\u00adxistas ou pseudo-mar\u00adxistas em pa\u00edses de ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo pouco de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advido ou n\u00e3o-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas (Ar\u00adgen\u00adtina, China, Brasil etc.).<\/p>\n

Essa trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia do epi\u00adcentro da luta de classes dos pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas avan\u00ad\u00e7ados para pa\u00edses atra\u00adsados re\u00adpre\u00adsentou uma rup\u00adtura pr\u00e1\u00adtica com as pre\u00advi\u00ads\u00f5es dos cl\u00e1s\u00adsicos do mar\u00adxismo quanto \u00e0s con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es para a emer\u00adg\u00eancia de re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas. Al\u00e9m disso, tamb\u00e9m co\u00adlocou em xeque as te\u00ado\u00adrias sobre o pro\u00adcesso de eli\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade pri\u00advada dos meios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00admente quando as for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo es\u00adti\u00advessem ple\u00adna\u00admente de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidas, le\u00advando al\u00adgumas cor\u00adrentes a pro\u00adpug\u00adnarem que o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo po\u00adderia ser cons\u00adtru\u00eddo antes que as for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas es\u00adti\u00advessem ple\u00adna\u00admente de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidas.<\/p>\n

Na\u00adquela oca\u00adsi\u00e3o, apenas Lenin e al\u00adguns ou\u00adtros mar\u00adxistas deram-se conta de que o \u201cco\u00admu\u00adnismo de guerra\u201d era e s\u00f3 podia ser ex\u00adpli\u00adcado por uma si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o de crise pro\u00adfunda e de au\u00adto\u00adde\u00adfesa. N\u00e3o po\u00adderia pro\u00adlongar-se como po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico, so\u00adcial e cul\u00adtural que po\u00adderia subs\u00adti\u00adtuir o papel his\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrico do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.correiocidadania.com.br\/colunistas\/wladimir-pomar\/13077-notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-7<\/p>\n

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Wladimir Pomar – Os termos so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo e co\u00admu\u00adnismo ti\u00adveram origem, no s\u00e9\u00adculo 18, em cor\u00adrentes re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adosas pre\u00ado\u00adcu\u00adpadas com a ali\u00ade\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o e a mor\u00adbidez da nas\u00adcente ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista sobre os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores. Elas su\u00adpu\u00adnham que atrav\u00e9s da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e de ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00admen\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e1\u00adticas de tra\u00adbalho so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzado ou co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adt\u00e1rio seria pos\u00ads\u00edvel trans\u00adformar o en\u00adten\u00addi\u00admento dos ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00addores e mo\u00addi\u00adficar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[57,74],"class_list":["post-7466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teoria","tag-capitalismo","tag-socialismo"],"yoast_head":"\nNotas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (7) - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2018\/03\/12\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-7\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (7) - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wladimir Pomar – Os termos so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo e co\u00admu\u00adnismo ti\u00adveram origem, no s\u00e9\u00adculo 18, em cor\u00adrentes re\u00adli\u00adgi\u00adosas pre\u00ado\u00adcu\u00adpadas com a ali\u00ade\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o e a mor\u00adbidez da nas\u00adcente ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista sobre os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores. 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