{"id":6185,"date":"2017-12-05T09:17:32","date_gmt":"2017-12-05T11:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=6185"},"modified":"2017-12-03T12:19:41","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T14:19:41","slug":"a-escolarizacao-dos-mais-pobres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/12\/05\/a-escolarizacao-dos-mais-pobres\/","title":{"rendered":"A escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o dos mais pobres"},"content":{"rendered":"

Otaviano Helene<\/strong> – Neste ter\u00adceiro ar\u00adtigo de uma pe\u00adquena s\u00e9rie sobre a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o bra\u00adsi\u00adleira, ser\u00e1 exa\u00admi\u00adnada uma de suas ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adticas mais per\u00adversas e da\u00adnosas para o fu\u00adturo do pa\u00eds e a cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00admo\u00adcracia: a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade. A de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal est\u00e1 re\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnada com a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade na dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda no pa\u00eds, pois ambas, em um pa\u00eds cuja es\u00adcola p\u00fa\u00adblica \u00e9 pre\u00adc\u00e1ria e sub\u00adfi\u00adnan\u00adciada e a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mer\u00adca\u00addoria a ser ven\u00addida e com\u00adprada, se re\u00ada\u00adli\u00admentam in\u00adten\u00adsa\u00admente, for\u00admando um cruel c\u00edr\u00adculo vi\u00adcioso.<\/p>\n

A con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de renda no Brasil \u00e9 uma das pi\u00adores do mundo e, por volta de 1990, fomos, nada mais, nada menos do que o pa\u00eds mais de\u00adsi\u00adgual e in\u00adjusto de todo o mundo. Du\u00adrante toda a d\u00e9\u00adcada de 1990, a con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de renda no Brasil pouco se al\u00adterou. Apenas a partir de 2000, apro\u00adxi\u00adma\u00adda\u00admente, a con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de renda no pa\u00eds co\u00adme\u00e7ou a re\u00adtro\u00adceder. Apesar disso, como par\u00adtimos de uma p\u00e9s\u00adsima si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o e evo\u00adlu\u00edmos muito len\u00adta\u00admente, ainda hoje es\u00adtamos no grupo dos 10 pa\u00edses mais de\u00adsi\u00adguais do mundo (1).<\/p>\n

A con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de renda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira \u00e9 tal que basta ter um ren\u00addi\u00admento do\u00admi\u00adci\u00adliar por pessoa da ordem de um sa\u00adl\u00e1rio m\u00ed\u00adnimo para estar na me\u00adtade mais bem aqui\u00adnhoada da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o. Note que essa renda deve cus\u00adtear todas as des\u00adpesas, como mo\u00adradia, ali\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o, ves\u00adti\u00admenta, trans\u00adporte, sa\u00fade etc. (para fazer parte dos 10% mais ricos, \u00e9 ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1rio ter uma renda do\u00admi\u00adci\u00adliar por pessoa pr\u00f3\u00adxima dos quatro mil reais ou uma renda in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addual da ordem do dobro disso (2)).<\/p>\n

A renda m\u00e9dia do grupo for\u00admado pelos 10% mais ricos \u00e9 quase 40 vezes maior do que a renda m\u00e9dia dos 10% mais po\u00adbres. Ou seja, o que um membro t\u00ed\u00adpico do pri\u00admeiro grupo ganha e gasta em um dia, um membro da\u00adquele grupo mais pobre ganha e gasta du\u00adrante todo um m\u00eas.<\/p>\n

Evi\u00adden\u00adte\u00admente, essa enorme de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade na dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira n\u00e3o \u00e9 um fato da na\u00adtu\u00adreza, mas uma cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica e so\u00adcial para a qual a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o muito con\u00adtribui. Quase a me\u00adtade dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores bra\u00adsi\u00adleiros n\u00e3o com\u00adpletou o en\u00adsino fun\u00adda\u00admental. Con\u00adse\u00adquen\u00adte\u00admente, pes\u00adsoas desse grupo ocupam po\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00adfe\u00adri\u00ado\u00adri\u00adzadas na so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade e no mundo do tra\u00adbalho e t\u00eam baixa renda: o ren\u00addi\u00admento m\u00e9dio desse grupo \u00e9 da ordem de um sa\u00adl\u00e1rio m\u00ed\u00adnimo mensal (note que essa \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia; um grande con\u00adtin\u00adgente de tal grupo ganha e gasta menos do que a me\u00adtade dessa m\u00e9dia).<\/p>\n

Ser ex\u00adclu\u00eddo do en\u00adsino fun\u00adda\u00admental antes de sua con\u00adclus\u00e3o n\u00e3o foi uma es\u00adcolha da\u00adquelas pes\u00adsoas quando cri\u00adan\u00e7as. Assim, tais pes\u00adsoas foram v\u00ed\u00adtimas pelo menos duas vezes: ao serem ex\u00adclu\u00eddas do sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal e, por causa disso, ao ocu\u00adparem po\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es in\u00adfe\u00adri\u00ado\u00adri\u00adzadas na so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade.<\/p>\n

Fre\u00adquentar uma es\u00adcola custa caro<\/strong><\/p>\n

Um dos fa\u00adtores mais im\u00adpor\u00adtantes para a ex\u00adclus\u00e3o da es\u00adcola \u00e9 seu custo. Apesar de n\u00e3o ter men\u00adsa\u00adli\u00addades, a frequ\u00eancia \u00e0 es\u00adcola p\u00fa\u00adblica tem custos di\u00adretos e in\u00addi\u00adretos, pois im\u00adpede que jo\u00advens e cri\u00adan\u00e7as se de\u00addi\u00adquem a ati\u00advi\u00addades econ\u00f4\u00admicas ou que con\u00adtri\u00adbuam com os ser\u00advi\u00e7os do\u00adm\u00e9s\u00adticos (como co\u00adzi\u00adnhar, tomar conta de pa\u00adrentes idosos ou de ir\u00adm\u00e3os me\u00adnores etc.), coisas que t\u00eam im\u00adpacto fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro di\u00adreto, no pri\u00admeiro caso, e in\u00addi\u00adreto, no se\u00adgundo. Al\u00e9m disso, a frequ\u00eancia es\u00adcolar induz des\u00adpesas di\u00adretas com ma\u00adte\u00adrial es\u00adcolar, uni\u00adforme e trans\u00adporte, por exemplo, e in\u00addi\u00adretas, como sa\u00adpatos e roupas em me\u00adlhor es\u00adtado do que aqueles usados em casa, uso de um pos\u00ads\u00edvel es\u00adpa\u00e7o para es\u00adtudo ou para guardar ma\u00adte\u00adrial es\u00adcolar etc.<\/p>\n

Em\u00adbora os fatos possam pa\u00adrecer me\u00adnores quando olhados da pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva dos grupos menos des\u00adfa\u00advo\u00adre\u00adcidos, eles s\u00e3o muito im\u00adpor\u00adtantes para aqueles que est\u00e3o em uma faixa de renda in\u00adfe\u00adrior a um sa\u00adl\u00e1rio m\u00ed\u00adnimo por pessoa por m\u00eas \u2013 o li\u00admiar entre as me\u00adtades mais e menos pobre da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o. Para a d\u00e9\u00adcima parte mais des\u00adfa\u00advo\u00adre\u00adcida da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o, cuja renda por pessoa \u00e9 in\u00adfe\u00adrior a cinco ou dez reais por dia (in\u00adsis\u00adtindo: rendas que devem ser des\u00adti\u00adnadas \u00e0 mo\u00adradia, ali\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o, ves\u00adti\u00admenta etc.), aquelas des\u00adpesas di\u00adretas e in\u00addi\u00adretas ou a perda de renda pro\u00adve\u00adni\u00adente da frequ\u00eancia es\u00adcolar s\u00e3o bar\u00adreiras ab\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adta\u00admente in\u00adtrans\u00adpo\u00adn\u00ed\u00adveis.<\/p>\n

Os poucos e mo\u00addes\u00adt\u00eds\u00adsimos ins\u00adtru\u00admentos de gra\u00adtui\u00addade ativa s\u00e3o in\u00adsu\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adentes para com\u00adpensar as des\u00adpesas di\u00adretas e in\u00addi\u00adretas pela frequ\u00eancia \u00e0 es\u00adcola. Esse fato, com\u00adbi\u00adnado com a pouca pro\u00adte\u00e7\u00e3o que o pa\u00eds ofe\u00adrece a suas cri\u00adan\u00e7as e ado\u00adles\u00adcentes, \u00e0 falta de re\u00adcursos nas es\u00adcolas para dar um aten\u00addi\u00admento es\u00adpe\u00adcial para aqueles que ne\u00adces\u00adsitam, da vi\u00ado\u00adl\u00eancia dentro e fora das es\u00adcolas, do aban\u00addono no qual vivem muitas cri\u00adan\u00e7as e de muitos ou\u00adtros pro\u00adblemas, acabam por fazer com que um enorme con\u00adtin\u00adgente de cri\u00adan\u00e7as e jo\u00advens sejam im\u00adpe\u00addidas de dar con\u00adti\u00adnui\u00addade aos es\u00adtudos. A con\u00adsequ\u00eancia \u00e9 que uma em cada 4 cri\u00adan\u00e7as deixa o en\u00adsino fun\u00adda\u00admental sem com\u00adplet\u00e1-lo e quase me\u00adtade das pes\u00adsoas aban\u00addona a es\u00adcola sem com\u00adpletar o en\u00adsino m\u00e9dio.<\/p>\n

De\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal<\/strong><\/p>\n

A de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal no Brasil, que acom\u00adpanha a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade de renda e pa\u00adtrim\u00f4nio, \u00e9 enorme e, quando me\u00addida em di\u00adnheiro, mostra toda sua per\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade.<\/p>\n

Nos ex\u00adtremos mais po\u00adbres, todo o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal feito na edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o de uma cri\u00adan\u00e7a li\u00admita-se \u00e0queles poucos anos de es\u00adcola p\u00fa\u00adblica, que pode n\u00e3o ser maior do que dez ou vinte mil reais ao longo de toda a vida para aqueles que n\u00e3o con\u00adcluem o en\u00adsino fun\u00adda\u00admental. No ex\u00adtremo mais rico, os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos es\u00adtri\u00adta\u00admente es\u00adco\u00adlares podem su\u00adperar um mi\u00adlh\u00e3o de reais ao longo da vida, sejam eles em ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es pri\u00advadas ou p\u00fa\u00adblicas. In\u00adcluindo-se aulas par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlares, cursos de l\u00edn\u00adguas, compra de ma\u00adte\u00adriais edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, vi\u00ada\u00adgens cul\u00adtu\u00adrais e muitas ou\u00adtras coisas co\u00admuns nos seg\u00admentos mais ricos e to\u00adtal\u00admente ine\u00adxis\u00adtentes nos grupos mais po\u00adbres, os va\u00adlores s\u00e3o ainda mai\u00adores. Ou seja, o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal de uma cri\u00adan\u00e7a pobre ao longo de toda a vida pode n\u00e3o ser maior do que o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal de uma cri\u00adan\u00e7a pro\u00adve\u00adni\u00adente dos es\u00adtratos mais fa\u00advo\u00adre\u00adcidos da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o em al\u00adguns poucos meses.<\/p>\n

O quadro abaixo d\u00e1 uma ideia do n\u00edvel edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal com que cri\u00adan\u00e7as e jo\u00advens pro\u00adve\u00adni\u00adentes de quatro grupos po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais de igual ta\u00admanho (cerca de 50 mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de pes\u00adsoas cada) deixam, hoje, o sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal. Al\u00e9m do que a ta\u00adbela ex\u00adpli\u00adcita, h\u00e1 as\u00adpectos qua\u00adli\u00adta\u00adtivos es\u00adcon\u00addidos: a es\u00adcola fre\u00adquen\u00adtada por aquelas cri\u00adan\u00e7as pro\u00adve\u00adni\u00adentes dos grupos mais po\u00adbres e que a aban\u00addo\u00adnaram de\u00adpois de poucos anos nada tem a ver com a es\u00adcola dos mais ricos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Renda do\u00admi\u00adci\u00adliar per ca\u00adpita, em sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios m\u00ed\u00adnimos por m\u00eas<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o es\u00adcolar t\u00ed\u00adpica das cri\u00adan\u00e7as e jo\u00advens de cada grupo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Abaixo de meio<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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N\u00e3o con\u00adcluem o En\u00adsino Fun\u00adda\u00admental<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Entre meio e um<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Con\u00adcluem o Fun\u00adda\u00admental, mas n\u00e3o o M\u00e9dio<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Entre um e dois<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Con\u00adcluem o M\u00e9dio, mas n\u00e3o o Su\u00adpe\u00adrior<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Acima de dois<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Grande parte con\u00adclui o En\u00adsino Su\u00adpe\u00adrior<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A con\u00adsequ\u00eancia disso tudo \u00e9 que o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento es\u00adcolar da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o, al\u00e9m de, em m\u00e9dia, ser muito baixo, \u00e9 muito de\u00adsi\u00adgual, re\u00adpro\u00addu\u00adzindo o que ocorre com a dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda do pa\u00eds. No fu\u00adturo, a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal dar\u00e1 origem a uma po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o com enorme de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade de renda. A com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o baixa renda hoje im\u00adplica em baixa es\u00adco\u00adla\u00adri\u00addade dos fi\u00adlhos ou de\u00adpen\u00addentes; no fu\u00adturo, estes, por terem baixa es\u00adco\u00adla\u00adri\u00addade, ter\u00e3o baixa renda, forma um c\u00edr\u00adculo vi\u00adcioso muito per\u00adverso.<\/p>\n

Caso o Brasil qui\u00adsesse cons\u00adtruir um fu\u00adturo menos de\u00adsi\u00adgual, pre\u00adci\u00adsaria ga\u00adrantir que o sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal tamb\u00e9m fosse menos de\u00adsi\u00adgual, fa\u00adzendo com que a con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de es\u00adco\u00adla\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do pobre fosse igual \u00e0 do rico. Isso feito, os fa\u00adtores de de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade se res\u00adtrin\u00adgi\u00adriam \u00e0quilo que \u00e9 con\u00adse\u00adguido fora da es\u00adcola. Mas, ao con\u00adtr\u00e1rio, o que tem ocor\u00adrido, em es\u00adpe\u00adcial com as me\u00addidas to\u00admadas ap\u00f3s o golpe de 2016, \u00e9 au\u00admentar ainda mais a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade por meio do sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal.<\/p>\n

Isso ocorre por v\u00e1\u00adrios fa\u00adtores, in\u00adclu\u00adsive pela di\u00admi\u00adnui\u00e7\u00e3o dos gastos p\u00fa\u00adblicos com edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fa\u00adblica (como a pro\u00advo\u00adcada pela emenda cons\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adci\u00adonal 95, ape\u00adli\u00addada, quando em tra\u00admi\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o, de PEC do fim do mundo, em parte re\u00adpro\u00addu\u00adzida por es\u00adtados e mu\u00adni\u00adc\u00ed\u00adpios) e pela trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o cada vez maior da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o em uma sim\u00adples mer\u00adca\u00addoria a ser com\u00adprada se\u00adgundo as pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades de cada um. Vale lem\u00adbrar que o se\u00adcre\u00adt\u00e1rio de edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o pau\u00adlista en\u00adtende que, ex\u00adclu\u00eddas se\u00adgu\u00adran\u00e7a e jus\u00adti\u00e7a, \u201ctudo o mais (edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00adclu\u00adsive) de\u00adveria ser pro\u00advi\u00adden\u00adciado pelos par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlares\u201d (3).<\/p>\n

Evi\u00adden\u00adte\u00admente, quem pensa assim e age de acordo com essa norma est\u00e1 de\u00adfen\u00addendo a ma\u00adnu\u00adten\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade, a ex\u00adclus\u00e3o so\u00adcial, a mar\u00adgi\u00adna\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o dos fi\u00adlhos dos po\u00adbres, a con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de renda, a vi\u00ado\u00adl\u00eancia, a ma\u00adnu\u00adten\u00e7\u00e3o da po\u00adbreza; enfim, tudo que de pior os grupos eco\u00adno\u00admi\u00adca\u00admente do\u00admi\u00adnantes t\u00eam im\u00adposto ao pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Con\u00adclus\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

Para que o Brasil fosse hoje um pa\u00eds re\u00adal\u00admente de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico, de\u00adveria, no pas\u00adsado, ter tra\u00adtado de forma igua\u00adli\u00adt\u00e1ria suas cri\u00adan\u00e7as, in\u00adde\u00adpen\u00adden\u00adte\u00admente de suas con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ge\u00ado\u00adgr\u00e1\u00adficas, \u00e9t\u00adnicas e econ\u00f4\u00admicas. Como isso n\u00e3o ocorreu, temos hoje um pa\u00addr\u00e3o ter\u00adr\u00edvel de ex\u00adclus\u00e3o, de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade e mar\u00adgi\u00adna\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o que im\u00adpede o es\u00adta\u00adbe\u00adle\u00adci\u00admento de uma so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade ple\u00adna\u00admente de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtica. Para que te\u00adnhamos, no fu\u00adturo, as con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrias para a de\u00admo\u00adcracia, de\u00adve\u00adr\u00edamos ga\u00adrantir, hoje, os di\u00adreitos \u00e0 edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o a todas as pes\u00adsoas. Mas fazer isso \u201cbate de frente\u201d com os in\u00adte\u00adresses mes\u00adqui\u00adnhos dos grupos do\u00admi\u00adnantes. Assim, a ta\u00adrefa ime\u00addiata seria en\u00adfrentar esta bar\u00adreira, in\u00adclu\u00adsive de\u00adnun\u00adci\u00adando os m\u00e9\u00adtodos usados para im\u00adpedir o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento de um sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal igua\u00adli\u00adt\u00e1rio no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Tais m\u00e9\u00adtodos in\u00adcluem a des\u00adqua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o do sis\u00adtema p\u00fa\u00adblico e dos que nele tra\u00adba\u00adlham e es\u00adtudam. Essa des\u00adqua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 usada para jus\u00adti\u00adficar a ne\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o dos re\u00adcursos fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrios para me\u00adlhorar as con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de tra\u00adbalho (sa\u00adl\u00e1rio in\u00adclu\u00eddo) e es\u00adtudo nas es\u00adcolas p\u00fa\u00adblicas bra\u00adsi\u00adleiras (4). Ora, a falta de re\u00adcursos \u00e9 um pro\u00adjeto po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico dos grupos do\u00admi\u00adnantes, n\u00e3o uma re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade que n\u00e3o se pode mudar: muitos pa\u00edses equi\u00adva\u00adlentes ao Brasil t\u00eam sis\u00adtemas edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais muito me\u00adlhores do que o nosso. Man\u00adtida a atual si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 ne\u00adnhuma pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade de um fu\u00adturo re\u00adal\u00admente de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico: es\u00adtamos cons\u00adtruindo, agora e por meio do sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal, nosso atraso fu\u00adturo.<\/p>\n

A forma de se im\u00adple\u00admentar tal pro\u00adjeto po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico e a con\u00adse\u00adquente ca\u00adr\u00eancia de re\u00adcursos p\u00fa\u00adblicos passa pela enorme so\u00adne\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o fiscal, por isen\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de im\u00adpostos, por sub\u00ads\u00ed\u00addios para o setor edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal pri\u00advado em de\u00adtri\u00admento do p\u00fa\u00adblico, pelas al\u00ed\u00adquotas baixas dos im\u00adpostos di\u00adretos, pelo pra\u00adti\u00adca\u00admente ine\u00adxis\u00adtente im\u00adposto sobre grandes pa\u00adtrim\u00f4\u00adnios. Vamos, em um pr\u00f3\u00adximo ar\u00adtigo, in\u00adves\u00adtigar a forma com que esses re\u00adcursos s\u00e3o sub\u00adtra\u00eddos, ava\u00adliar seu mon\u00adtante em cada caso e a con\u00adsequ\u00eancia pr\u00e1\u00adtica da sub\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Notas:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrando a m\u00e9dia do \u00edn\u00addice de Gini dos \u00fal\u00adtimos dez anos, o Brasil ocupa a nona pior po\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m do Brasil, os dez pa\u00edses mais de\u00adsi\u00adguais in\u00adcluem \u00c1frica do Sul, Bot\u00adsuana, Col\u00f4mbia, Hon\u00adduras, Le\u00adsoto, Na\u00adm\u00edbia, Pa\u00adnam\u00e1, Re\u00adp\u00fa\u00adblica Centro Afri\u00adcana e Z\u00e2mbia. (Fonte:\u00a0http:\/\/\u200bdat\u200baban\u200bk.\u200bwor\u200bldba\u200bnk.\u200borg\/\u200bdata\/\u200breports.\u200baspx?\u200bsou\u200brce=2&\u200bser\u200bies=SI.\u200bPOV.\u200bGINI,SI.\u200bDST.\u200bFRST.10,SI.\u200bDST.\u200bFRST.20,SI.\u200bDST.02ND.20,SI.\u200bDST.03RD.20,SI.\u200bDST.04TH.20,SI.\u200bDST.05TH.20,SI.\u200bDST.10TH.10#<\/a>, con\u00adsul\u00adtada em no\u00advembro\/2017.<\/p>\n

2) Va\u00adlores apro\u00adxi\u00admados cor\u00adres\u00adpon\u00addentes a 2017.<\/p>\n

3) Essa afir\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o apa\u00adrece em ar\u00adtigo as\u00adsi\u00adnado pelo se\u00adcre\u00adt\u00e1rio de edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o pau\u00adlista desde abril de 2016, re\u00adpro\u00addu\u00adzido em\u00a0http:\/\/\u200bwww.\u200bedu\u200bcaca\u200bo.\u200bsp.\u200bgov.\u200bbr\/\u200bnot\u200bicia\u200bs\/\u200ba-\u200bsoc\u200bieda\u200bde-\u200borfa<\/a>. Con\u00adsulta feita em 17\/no\u00advembro\/2017<\/p>\n

4) Ar\u00adgu\u00admentos falsos ou usados de forma to\u00adtal\u00admente dis\u00adtor\u00adcida, tanto para des\u00adqua\u00adli\u00adficar o sis\u00adtema edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal p\u00fa\u00adblico como para negar os ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrios re\u00adcursos in\u00adcluem afir\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es como \u201cdi\u00adnheiro tem, o pro\u00adblema \u00e9 que \u00e9 mal apli\u00adcado\u201d, \u201ch\u00e1 es\u00adtudos que com\u00adprovam que um au\u00admento dos re\u00adcursos n\u00e3o im\u00adplica obri\u00adga\u00adto\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente em me\u00adlhoria do apren\u00addi\u00adzado\u201d, \u201co en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior tira re\u00adcursos da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o b\u00e1\u00adsica e esse pro\u00adblema pre\u00adcisa ser re\u00adsol\u00advido antes de se co\u00adlocar mais di\u00adnheiro\u201d, s\u00e3o al\u00adguns exem\u00adplos.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/12965-a-escolarizacao-dos-mais-pobres<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Otaviano Helene – Neste ter\u00adceiro ar\u00adtigo de uma pe\u00adquena s\u00e9rie sobre a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o bra\u00adsi\u00adleira, ser\u00e1 exa\u00admi\u00adnada uma de suas ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adticas mais per\u00adversas e da\u00adnosas para o fu\u00adturo do pa\u00eds e a cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00admo\u00adcracia: a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade. A de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal est\u00e1 re\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnada com a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade na dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00e7\u00e3o de renda no pa\u00eds, pois ambas, em um pa\u00eds […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-6185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educacao","tag-desigualdade-social"],"yoast_head":"\nA escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o dos mais pobres - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/12\/05\/a-escolarizacao-dos-mais-pobres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A escolariza\u00e7\u00e3o dos mais pobres - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Otaviano Helene – Neste ter\u00adceiro ar\u00adtigo de uma pe\u00adquena s\u00e9rie sobre a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o bra\u00adsi\u00adleira, ser\u00e1 exa\u00admi\u00adnada uma de suas ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adticas mais per\u00adversas e da\u00adnosas para o fu\u00adturo do pa\u00eds e a cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o da de\u00admo\u00adcracia: a de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addade. 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