{"id":5895,"date":"2017-11-09T09:43:43","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T11:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=5895"},"modified":"2018-09-03T15:27:17","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T18:27:17","slug":"notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/11\/09\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wladimir Pomar <\/strong>– Apesar de haver per\u00addu\u00adrado por um pe\u00adr\u00edodo t\u00e3o longo quanto o es\u00adcra\u00advismo, a agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o ainda hoje \u00e9 sim\u00adples\u00admente ig\u00adno\u00adrada. Ou, na me\u00adlhor das hi\u00adp\u00f3\u00adteses, torna-se raz\u00e3o para ba\u00adta\u00adlhas te\u00f3\u00adricas sobre sua con\u00adcei\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o como se\u00admi\u00adfeudal ou pr\u00e9-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista. Seu papel, como freio ou o que quer que seja no de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro n\u00e3o \u00e9 con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrado, em\u00adbora tenha su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnado, por mais de meio s\u00e9\u00adculo, cerca de 70% da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o ativa bra\u00adsi\u00adleira.<\/p>\n

Em ou\u00adtras pa\u00adla\u00advras, a agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o, uma re\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, ou pr\u00e9-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, se tornou pre\u00addo\u00admi\u00adnante desde o final da es\u00adcra\u00advid\u00e3o, re\u00adpre\u00adsando a maior parte da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho na\u00adci\u00adonal apenas para a pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de renda fun\u00addi\u00e1ria. Mesmo assim h\u00e1 quem acre\u00addite que seu es\u00adva\u00adzi\u00ada\u00admento, nos anos 1960 e 1970, ocorreu porque a bur\u00adguesia queria criar um mer\u00adcado de fa\u00adbri\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e im\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1\u00adquinas agr\u00ed\u00adcolas para dis\u00adputar o mer\u00adcado mun\u00addial de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties agr\u00ed\u00adcolas. Todo o pro\u00adcesso po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico e econ\u00f4\u00admico di\u00adta\u00adto\u00adrial-mi\u00adlitar de trans\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o ou mo\u00adder\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o dos la\u00adti\u00adf\u00fan\u00addios em agroin\u00add\u00fas\u00adtrias ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas teria se re\u00adsu\u00admido a tal ob\u00adje\u00adtivo.<\/p>\n

Quem pensa assim n\u00e3o en\u00adtendeu, por um lado, o apro\u00adfun\u00adda\u00admento das mu\u00addan\u00e7as es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais nos ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismos avan\u00ad\u00e7ados es\u00adta\u00addu\u00adni\u00addense, eu\u00adropeu e ja\u00adpon\u00eas, que os levou a ace\u00adlerar a ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de ca\u00adpi\u00adtais, ou seus in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos no ex\u00adte\u00adrior. Suas em\u00adpresas mul\u00adti\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adcaram tais in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos na cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o e ope\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas in\u00addus\u00adtriais em pa\u00edses como o Brasil. Por\u00e9m, para efe\u00adtivar tais in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos era pre\u00adciso contar com oferta abun\u00addante e ba\u00adrata de for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho que, no Brasil, en\u00adcon\u00adtrava-se su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnada \u00e0s re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o na agri\u00adcul\u00adtura. Os cam\u00adpo\u00adneses, par\u00adceiros ou ren\u00addeiros, es\u00adtavam amar\u00adrados aos la\u00adti\u00adf\u00fan\u00addios, sem li\u00adber\u00addade para vender sua for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho no mer\u00adcado.<\/p>\n

Em tais con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, as bur\u00adgue\u00adsias es\u00adtran\u00adgeira e na\u00adci\u00adonal-su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnada ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00adtavam de um Es\u00adtado forte o su\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adente para impor \u00e0 classe la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1ria uma re\u00adforma que li\u00adbe\u00adrasse a for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho agre\u00adgada aos la\u00adti\u00adf\u00fan\u00addios, sem li\u00adquidar o mo\u00adno\u00adp\u00f3lio da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade do solo. O golpe de 1964, que re\u00adsultou na im\u00adplan\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o da di\u00adta\u00addura mi\u00adlitar, vindo apa\u00adren\u00adte\u00admente para im\u00adpedir a co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do Brasil, mos\u00adtrou ime\u00addi\u00ada\u00adta\u00admente a que veio. De\u00adcretou o Es\u00adta\u00adtuto da Terra e \u201cobrigou\u201d os la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrios a uma mo\u00adder\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00ed\u00adcola fi\u00adnan\u00adciada pelo Es\u00adtado.<\/p>\n

Mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de agre\u00adgados ru\u00adrais foram subs\u00adti\u00adtu\u00eddos por m\u00e1\u00adquinas e ou\u00adtros in\u00adsumos agr\u00ed\u00adcolas, cri\u00adando uma das mais in\u00adtensas mi\u00adgra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais dos campos para as ci\u00addades que o Brasil co\u00adnhece. Uma enorme for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho ba\u00adrata inundou as ci\u00addades in\u00addus\u00adtriais ou em pro\u00adcesso de in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o. Com isso, in\u00adverteu to\u00adtal\u00admente a pro\u00adpor\u00e7\u00e3o entre as po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es rural e ur\u00adbana bra\u00adsi\u00adleiras num prazo in\u00adfe\u00adrior a 20 anos. E in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adficou a ur\u00adba\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00f3\u00adtica que hoje ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adriza as grandes e m\u00e9\u00addias ci\u00addades do pa\u00eds, con\u00adtendo cerca de 80% da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Ou seja, para pro\u00admover o \u201cmi\u00adlagre econ\u00f4\u00admico\u201d que pro\u00adcu\u00adrava jus\u00adti\u00adficar sua di\u00adta\u00addura e con\u00adso\u00adlidar o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento do modo ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnado, de\u00adpen\u00addente e des\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00adzado, que havia sido in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adcado desde os anos 1950, os go\u00advernos mi\u00adli\u00adtares \u201cobri\u00adgaram\u201d os la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrios bra\u00adsi\u00adleiros a um pro\u00adcesso de mo\u00adder\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00ed\u00adcola di\u00adfe\u00adrente tanto do pro\u00adcesso su\u00adlista es\u00adta\u00addu\u00adni\u00addense no s\u00e9\u00adculo 19 quanto do pro\u00adcesso in\u00adgl\u00eas do s\u00e9\u00adculo 14.<\/p>\n

Os feu\u00addais in\u00adgleses trans\u00adfor\u00admaram-se em ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas pres\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnados pelas de\u00admandas de l\u00e3 das ma\u00adnu\u00adfa\u00adturas ho\u00adlan\u00addesas. O que os levou a ex\u00adpulsar mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de cam\u00adpo\u00adneses das terras de cul\u00adtivo feu\u00addais e co\u00admu\u00adnais e criar a imensa massa des\u00adpro\u00advida da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade de meios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e de sub\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia apta a vender sua for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho por sa\u00adl\u00e1rio. Foi isso, aliado \u00e0 in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o mer\u00adcantil global, que for\u00adneceu a prin\u00adcipal base para a dis\u00adse\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o das re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o que ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adri\u00adzaram o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo em subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es feu\u00addais. J\u00e1 os es\u00adta\u00addu\u00adni\u00addenses es\u00adcra\u00advistas su\u00adlistas foram trans\u00adfor\u00admados em agri\u00adcul\u00adtores ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas pela Guerra de Se\u00adcess\u00e3o que eli\u00adminou re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente as re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es es\u00adcra\u00advistas e imp\u00f4s as re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es as\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adri\u00adadas a todos os Es\u00adtados da Uni\u00e3o norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcana.<\/p>\n

Os la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrios bra\u00adsi\u00adleiros, por\u00e9m, foram \u201cfor\u00ad\u00e7ados\u201d a obter fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admentos do Banco do Brasil para ex\u00adpulsar os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores agre\u00adgados e subs\u00adtitu\u00ed-los por m\u00e1\u00adquinas, fer\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzantes qu\u00ed\u00admicos e tra\u00adbalho as\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adriado. As \u00e1reas ru\u00adrais foram, em geral, es\u00adva\u00adzi\u00adadas de tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores agre\u00adgados, li\u00adber\u00adtados para se tor\u00adnarem m\u00e3o-de-obra ba\u00adrata para as in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtrias es\u00adtran\u00adgeiras e na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais em pro\u00adcesso de im\u00adplan\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o. A maior parte dos la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrios tornou-se uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00ed\u00adcola da bur\u00adguesia, em\u00adbora man\u00adtendo, como os su\u00adlistas norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcanos, a ide\u00ado\u00adlogia es\u00adcra\u00advo\u00adcrata e ra\u00adcista que acha a in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria um setor se\u00adcun\u00add\u00e1rio da eco\u00adnomia e a de\u00admo\u00adcracia, mesmo a li\u00adberal, um sis\u00adtema sub\u00adver\u00adsivo.<\/p>\n

Nessas con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro di\u00adfe\u00adrencia-se bru\u00adtal\u00admente do de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano. Pri\u00admeiro porque este criou uma po\u00adde\u00adrosa in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria na\u00adci\u00adonal de bens de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e de bens in\u00adter\u00adme\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrios, cons\u00adtruindo uma base se\u00adgura para o de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento tec\u00adno\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico e a pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00adtiva dos bens de con\u00adsumo em termos in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais. Se\u00adgundo, porque tal de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento na\u00adci\u00adonal per\u00admitiu, j\u00e1 no final do s\u00e9\u00adculo 19 e in\u00edcio do s\u00e9\u00adculo 20, que o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano apro\u00advei\u00adtasse o ana\u00adcro\u00adnismo co\u00adlo\u00adnial es\u00adpa\u00adnhol para ini\u00adciar a pro\u00adlon\u00adgada dis\u00adputa que viria a travar contra a he\u00adge\u00admonia co\u00adlo\u00adnial e se\u00admi\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adnial bri\u00adt\u00e2\u00adnica na Am\u00e9\u00adrica La\u00adtina.<\/p>\n

Nas tr\u00eas pri\u00admeiras d\u00e9\u00adcadas do s\u00e9\u00adculo 20, o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano as\u00adsistiu \u00e0 he\u00adge\u00admonia de sua fra\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00addus\u00adtrial, com um in\u00adtenso de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento de seu de\u00adpar\u00adta\u00admento de bens de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o (m\u00e1\u00adquinas e tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgias) e de des\u00adtrui\u00e7\u00e3o (armas pe\u00adsadas), cres\u00adcente for\u00adta\u00adle\u00adci\u00admento de sua fra\u00e7\u00e3o fi\u00adnan\u00adceira e pau\u00adla\u00adtino in\u00adgresso em sua fase de ex\u00adpans\u00e3o im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista, in\u00adcluindo sua par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o em todos os as\u00adpectos da Pri\u00admeira Guerra Mun\u00addial. N\u00e3o por acaso o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano se tornou o epi\u00adcentro da crise mun\u00addial ini\u00adciada em 1929, que levou \u00e0 Se\u00adgunda Guerra Mun\u00addial e se pro\u00adlongou at\u00e9 1945, com imensa des\u00adtrui\u00e7\u00e3o de for\u00e7as pro\u00addu\u00adtivas, in\u00adcluindo mais de 50 mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de vidas hu\u00admanas.<\/p>\n

O ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro, por\u00e9m, s\u00f3 con\u00adse\u00adguiu dar passos in\u00addus\u00adtriais con\u00adcretos nos anos 1910, como de\u00adcor\u00adr\u00eancia n\u00e3o de for\u00e7as in\u00adternas ino\u00adva\u00addoras, mas dos cortes sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtivos que a Pri\u00admeira Guerra Mun\u00addial imp\u00f4s \u00e0s im\u00adpor\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de bens de con\u00adsumo fa\u00adbri\u00adcados na Eu\u00adropa. O pri\u00admeiro so\u00adlu\u00e7o in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzante re\u00adsultou, assim, n\u00e3o da pers\u00adpec\u00adtiva da fa\u00adbri\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o de bens de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00addus\u00adtriais como ele\u00admento es\u00adsen\u00adcial para a so\u00adbe\u00adrania na\u00adci\u00adonal. Re\u00adsultou da sim\u00adples subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o de im\u00adpor\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de bens de con\u00adsumo. O \u00fanico fator po\u00adsi\u00adtivo desse so\u00adlu\u00e7o con\u00adsistiu na emer\u00adg\u00eancia de uma pe\u00adquena classe ope\u00adr\u00e1ria in\u00addus\u00adtrial em al\u00adgumas ci\u00addades do pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

A esse in\u00adgresso torto na in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o somou-se um se\u00adgundo so\u00adlu\u00e7o in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzante nos anos 1930, co\u00adman\u00addado por fra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrias que se opu\u00adnham \u00e0 he\u00adge\u00admonia da ca\u00adfei\u00adcul\u00adtura pau\u00adlista e a seu h\u00e1\u00adbito de \u201cso\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlizar\u201d os pre\u00adju\u00edzos cau\u00adsados pelas crises no mer\u00adcado mun\u00addial de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties agr\u00ed\u00adcolas. A crise mun\u00addial ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista, ini\u00adciada em 1929, agravou tal con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o ao ponto de levar a cho\u00adques ar\u00admados, ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzados na vi\u00adto\u00adriosa \u201cre\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o li\u00adberal\u201d e na fra\u00adcas\u00adsada e opo\u00adsi\u00adtora \u201cre\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o cons\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adlista pau\u00adlista\u201d.<\/p>\n

As re\u00adformas \u201cli\u00adbe\u00adrais\u201d le\u00advaram o Es\u00adtado as\u00adsumir papel ativo na in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, seja cri\u00adando em\u00adpresas es\u00adta\u00adtais, seja fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00adando em\u00adpre\u00aden\u00adde\u00addores bur\u00adgueses, e em n\u00e3o mais con\u00adsi\u00adderar as de\u00admandas econ\u00f4\u00admicas e so\u00adciais da li\u00admi\u00adtada for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho as\u00adsa\u00adla\u00adriada como as\u00adsunto po\u00adli\u00adcial (o que se ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlizou na for\u00adma\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o de leis tra\u00adba\u00adlhistas). Mas a de\u00admanda de uma re\u00adforma agr\u00e1ria que li\u00adqui\u00addasse ou li\u00admi\u00adtasse o do\u00adm\u00ednio la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1rio e li\u00adbe\u00adrasse grandes con\u00adtin\u00adgentes da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho agre\u00adgada ja\u00admais foi con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrada.<\/p>\n

Apesar dessas li\u00admi\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo \u201cli\u00adberal\u201d bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro so\u00adfreu cons\u00adtantes ata\u00adques do agra\u00adrismo la\u00adti\u00adfun\u00addi\u00e1rio e dos pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidos. Os pri\u00admeiros con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00adavam con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrando que o des\u00adtino do Brasil era se tornar a la\u00advoura do mundo, en\u00adquanto os se\u00adgundos se opu\u00adnham ao cres\u00adci\u00admento de con\u00adcor\u00adrentes in\u00addus\u00adtriais. O de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento in\u00addus\u00adtrial dos anos 1930 e 1940 s\u00f3 contou com a trans\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia de tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgias es\u00adtran\u00adgeiras em vir\u00adtude das con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es que le\u00advaram \u00e0 Se\u00adgunda Guerra Mun\u00addial. Nesse sen\u00adtido, os de\u00adbates entre agra\u00adristas e in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adlistas re\u00adtratam me\u00adlhor do que quais\u00adquer ou\u00adtros as bases das grandes de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades de de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista nos Es\u00adtados Unidos e no Brasil.<\/p>\n

A Se\u00adgunda Guerra Mun\u00addial e o pe\u00adr\u00edodo pos\u00adte\u00adrior a ela per\u00admitiu ao ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano dar saltos enormes na in\u00adcor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o das mu\u00adlheres \u00e0 forca de tra\u00adbalho ativa, na con\u00adcen\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpital, na re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o tec\u00adno\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica, na re\u00ades\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de sua po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica de ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de ca\u00adpi\u00adtais, na cen\u00adtra\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o de ca\u00adpi\u00adtais em em\u00adpresas mul\u00adti\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e no au\u00admento da ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de pa\u00edses atra\u00adsados, col\u00f4\u00adnias ou se\u00admi\u00adcol\u00f4\u00adnias.<\/p>\n

Essa fase in\u00adcluiu, ainda, o con\u00adfronto de guerra fria com a Uni\u00e3o So\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtica e pa\u00edses de de\u00admo\u00adcracia po\u00adpular, assim como com os mo\u00advi\u00admentos de des\u00adco\u00adlo\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, per\u00admi\u00adtindo ao ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo norte-ame\u00adri\u00adcano se elevar \u00e0 con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de for\u00e7a he\u00adgem\u00f4\u00adnica mun\u00addial ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista. Nos anos 1970, por\u00e9m, a cen\u00adtra\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do ca\u00adpital em grandes cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e a ten\u00add\u00eancia de queda da taxa m\u00e9dia de lucro im\u00adpu\u00adseram re\u00adfor\u00admu\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es es\u00adtru\u00adtu\u00adrais nas po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas de ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ca\u00adpital dos Es\u00adtados Unidos e dos de\u00admais pa\u00edses ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas cen\u00adtrais, in\u00adten\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adcando o pro\u00adcesso de glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do modo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista.<\/p>\n

Na so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade bra\u00adsi\u00adleira s\u00f3 co\u00adme\u00ad\u00e7aram a ocorrer mo\u00addi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtivas quando ela se con\u00adfrontou com os cres\u00adcentes in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos pro\u00admo\u00advidos pelas ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ca\u00adpi\u00adtais do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advido, a partir dos anos 1950. De l\u00e1 para c\u00e1, todas as re\u00adformas de sen\u00adtido ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista pra\u00adti\u00adcadas no Brasil, in\u00adcluindo a mo\u00adder\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00ed\u00adcola e a li\u00adbe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho agre\u00adgada dos la\u00adti\u00adf\u00fan\u00addios dos anos 1960-70, foram con\u00adser\u00adva\u00addoras. Man\u00adti\u00adveram a eco\u00adnomia bra\u00adsi\u00adleira su\u00adbor\u00addi\u00adnada, de\u00adpen\u00addente e des\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00adzada, e to\u00adtal\u00admente \u00e0 merc\u00ea das cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e de suas crises glo\u00adbais.<\/p>\n

Em ou\u00adtras pa\u00adla\u00advras, o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro s\u00f3 \u00e9 na\u00adci\u00adonal no sen\u00adtido de que est\u00e1 im\u00adplan\u00adtado no seu ter\u00adri\u00adt\u00f3rio. No mais, as prin\u00adci\u00adpais de\u00adci\u00ads\u00f5es sobre seu de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento est\u00e3o lo\u00adca\u00adli\u00adzadas em Washington, Berlim, T\u00f3\u00adquio, Paris e Lon\u00addres. Em tais con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, ao con\u00adfrontar-se com as ten\u00add\u00ean\u00adcias reais do ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo, a exemplo da ten\u00add\u00eancia de pau\u00adpe\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o re\u00adla\u00adtiva e ab\u00adso\u00adluta da for\u00e7a de tra\u00adbalho, o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo no Brasil n\u00e3o s\u00f3 man\u00adteve, mas agravou todas as de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades econ\u00f4\u00admicas, so\u00adciais e po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas que herdou do es\u00adcra\u00advismo e da agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

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Wladimir Pomar – Apesar de haver per\u00addu\u00adrado por um pe\u00adr\u00edodo t\u00e3o longo quanto o es\u00adcra\u00advismo, a agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o ainda hoje \u00e9 sim\u00adples\u00admente ig\u00adno\u00adrada. Ou, na me\u00adlhor das hi\u00adp\u00f3\u00adteses, torna-se raz\u00e3o para ba\u00adta\u00adlhas te\u00f3\u00adricas sobre sua con\u00adcei\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o como se\u00admi\u00adfeudal ou pr\u00e9-ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista. Seu papel, como freio ou o que quer que seja no de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro n\u00e3o \u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-5895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teoria","tag-capitalismo"],"yoast_head":"\nNotas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (3) - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/11\/09\/notas-sobre-capitalismo-e-socialismo-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Notas sobre capitalismo e socialismo (3) - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wladimir Pomar – Apesar de haver per\u00addu\u00adrado por um pe\u00adr\u00edodo t\u00e3o longo quanto o es\u00adcra\u00advismo, a agre\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o ainda hoje \u00e9 sim\u00adples\u00admente ig\u00adno\u00adrada. 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