{"id":5261,"date":"2017-09-15T12:28:59","date_gmt":"2017-09-15T15:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=5261"},"modified":"2017-09-07T15:30:46","modified_gmt":"2017-09-07T18:30:46","slug":"a-universidade-publica-de-qualidade-e-gratuita-e-viavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/09\/15\/a-universidade-publica-de-qualidade-e-gratuita-e-viavel\/","title":{"rendered":"A Universidade p\u00fablica, de qualidade e gratuita \u00e9 vi\u00e1vel?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Otaviano Helene<\/strong> –\u00a0O ataque sis\u00adte\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtico \u00e0 uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica no Brasil, a fim de abrir es\u00adpa\u00e7o ao setor pri\u00advado, fez com que nosso pa\u00eds se tor\u00adnasse um da\u00adqueles com as mai\u00adores pro\u00adpor\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ma\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adculas no setor pri\u00advado em todo o mundo. Apesar da (falsa) jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtiva para a pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ser a ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade de apelar para que o setor pri\u00advado co\u00adla\u00adbore com a in\u00adclus\u00e3o no en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior, o fato \u00e9 que isso n\u00e3o ocorre.<\/p>\n

A taxa de pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o no Brasil \u00e9 maior do que a m\u00e9dia dos de\u00admais pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9\u00adrica do Sul, mas a taxa de in\u00adclus\u00e3o de jo\u00advens no en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior, perto de 40% (1), est\u00e1 bem abaixo da m\u00e9dia ob\u00adser\u00advada nos de\u00admais pa\u00edses sul-ame\u00adri\u00adcanos, de 58% (no Brasil, a taxa de in\u00adclus\u00e3o \u00e9 pouco mais da me\u00adtade da\u00adquela ob\u00adser\u00advada na Ar\u00adgen\u00adtina ou na Ve\u00adne\u00adzuela e sig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente in\u00adfe\u00adrior \u00e0 do Uru\u00adguai, pa\u00edses com taxas de pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o bem in\u00adfe\u00adri\u00adores \u00e0 bra\u00adsi\u00adleira). Ou seja, a pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o re\u00adsolveu \u2013 e n\u00e3o tinha porque re\u00adsolver \u2013 o pro\u00adblema da in\u00adclus\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o em S\u00e3o Paulo<\/strong><\/p>\n

No es\u00adtado de S\u00e3o Paulo, a pro\u00adpor\u00e7\u00e3o de es\u00adtu\u00addantes ma\u00adtri\u00adcu\u00adlados no en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior p\u00fa\u00adblico \u00e9 bem menor do que a m\u00e9dia dos de\u00admais es\u00adtados \u2013 S\u00e3o Paulo \u201cpuxa para baixo\u201d a m\u00e9dia na\u00adci\u00adonal. Em S\u00e3o Paulo, apenas 16% das ma\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adculas em cursos su\u00adpe\u00adri\u00adores est\u00e3o em ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fa\u00adblicas, sejam elas uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addades, fa\u00adcul\u00addades iso\u00adladas ou fa\u00adcul\u00addades de tec\u00adno\u00adlogia; nos de\u00admais es\u00adtados, essa pro\u00adpor\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 de 32%, duas vezes me\u00adlhor (ou, duas vezes menos ruim).<\/p>\n

A ta\u00adbela a se\u00adguir mostra ou\u00adtros in\u00addi\u00adca\u00addores da pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior, con\u00adfir\u00admando que S\u00e3o Paulo \u00e9, qual\u00adquer que seja o cri\u00adt\u00e9rio, muito mais pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adzado do que o res\u00adtante do pa\u00eds. Se S\u00e3o Paulo fosse um pa\u00eds, seria aquele com en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior mais pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adzado de todo o mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

Por\u00adcen\u00adtagem das vagas de in\u00adgresso no setor p\u00fa\u00adblico<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Con\u00adcluintes do en\u00adsino m\u00e9dio por vaga de in\u00adgresso em ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fa\u00adblicas<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Re\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o entre o n\u00fa\u00admero de ha\u00adbi\u00adtantes e o n\u00fa\u00admero de ma\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adculas no en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior p\u00fa\u00adblico<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

S\u00e3o Paulo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

166<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

De\u00admais es\u00adtados<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

103<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ta\u00adbela 1 \u2013 A pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o su\u00adpe\u00adrior em SP \u00e9 maior do que a dos de\u00admais es\u00adtados qual\u00adquer que seja o cri\u00adt\u00e9rio ado\u00adtado para medi-la. C\u00e1l\u00adculos do autor com base em dados dis\u00adpo\u00adni\u00adbi\u00adli\u00adzados pelo IBGE e INEP. Ano de re\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia: 2015.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior no Brasil n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma con\u00adsequ\u00eancia de di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addades econ\u00f4\u00admicas: ela \u00e9 re\u00adsul\u00adtado de uma po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advida ao longo do tempo. A uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica de qua\u00adli\u00addade \u00e9 per\u00adfei\u00adta\u00admente vi\u00e1vel e com\u00adpa\u00adt\u00edvel com a re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade econ\u00f4\u00admica do pa\u00eds<\/p>\n

Um \u201car\u00adgu\u00admento\u201d falso, mas muito usado contra a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fa\u00adblica, \u00e9 que seu custo seria maior do que o custo de uma ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o pri\u00advada. Esse \u201car\u00adgu\u00admento\u201d, t\u00e3o evo\u00adcado pela m\u00eddia e pelos grupos econ\u00f4\u00admicos do\u00admi\u00adnantes, acaba por se pro\u00adpagar porque a enorme mai\u00adoria da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o tem acesso a in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrias para ana\u00adlisar a si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrios para manter um es\u00adtu\u00addante de gra\u00addu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o na USP s\u00e3o equi\u00adva\u00adlentes ou in\u00adfe\u00adri\u00adores aos mesmos in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos feitos no setor pri\u00advado em um mesmo curso e com qua\u00adli\u00addade com\u00adpa\u00adr\u00e1vel. A ta\u00adbela 2 mostra os va\u00adlores cal\u00adcu\u00adlados a pre\u00e7os de abril de 2016 (2).<\/p>\n

As di\u00adfe\u00adrentes \u00e1reas de co\u00adnhe\u00adci\u00admento foram se\u00adpa\u00adradas entre aquelas que n\u00e3o exigem la\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios ou onde estes s\u00e3o bem sim\u00adples, como \u00e9 o caso dos cursos de ma\u00adte\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtica e grande parte dos cursos nas \u00e1reas cha\u00admadas de \u201chu\u00adma\u00adni\u00addades\u201d, entre ou\u00adtros, aquelas que exigem la\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios re\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente sim\u00adples \u2013 sem seres vivos e sem equi\u00adpa\u00admentos muito com\u00adplexos, al\u00adgumas en\u00adge\u00adnha\u00adrias ser\u00advindo de exemplo \u2013 e aquelas que exigem la\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios com\u00adplexos (e altas cargas ho\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrias), onde o curso de me\u00addi\u00adcina talvez seja o mais co\u00adnhe\u00adcido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Ta\u00adbela 2 – In\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento mensal m\u00e9dio para manter um es\u00adtu\u00addante na USP nos tr\u00eas grupos de cursos con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrados; va\u00adlores de abril de 2016.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c1reas que n\u00e3o exigem la\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios ou estes s\u00e3o re\u00adla\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente sim\u00adples<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c1reas in\u00adter\u00adme\u00addi\u00e1\u00adrias<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00c1reas com altas cargas ho\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrias e la\u00adbo\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios com\u00adplexos<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

R$ 1.100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

R$ 2.200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

R$ 4.400<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Os va\u00adlores que apa\u00adrecem na ta\u00adbela 2 s\u00e3o in\u00adfe\u00adri\u00adores \u00e0s men\u00adsa\u00adli\u00addades co\u00adbradas pelos cursos equi\u00adva\u00adlentes e com mesma qua\u00adli\u00addade ofe\u00adre\u00adcidos pelo setor pri\u00advado.<\/p>\n

Ainda que possa pa\u00adrecer es\u00adtranho para grande parte da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o acos\u00adtu\u00admada com o dis\u00adcurso, falso, mas quase uni\u00adversal, de que o setor p\u00fa\u00adblico \u00e9 caro e ine\u00adfi\u00adci\u00adente, o custo da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00fa\u00adblica \u00e9 menor do que o custo da edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o pri\u00advada com igual qua\u00adli\u00addade.<\/p>\n

Custo da USP frente ao PIB pau\u00adlista<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quanto custa uma uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade como a USP? Res\u00adponder a essa quest\u00e3o \u00e9 fun\u00adda\u00admental para ar\u00adgu\u00admentar que uma uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica de qua\u00adli\u00addade e capaz de atender a uma pro\u00adpor\u00e7\u00e3o de jo\u00advens equi\u00adva\u00adlente ao que fazem muitos pa\u00edses \u00e9 to\u00adtal\u00admente vi\u00e1vel. Em\u00adbora o que segue se res\u00adtrinja ao en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior, isso ocorre tamb\u00e9m nas de\u00admais mo\u00adda\u00adli\u00addades.<\/p>\n

O re\u00adfe\u00adren\u00adcial ade\u00adquado para fazer as es\u00adti\u00adma\u00adtivas dos custos \u00e9 o pro\u00adduto in\u00adterno bruto (PIB), in\u00addi\u00adcador que re\u00adflete tanto as ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addades edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais do pa\u00eds como suas pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades. A ta\u00adbela 3 mostra quanto custa o en\u00adsino, a pes\u00adquisa e a ex\u00adtens\u00e3o de ser\u00advi\u00e7os \u00e0 co\u00admu\u00adni\u00addade (mu\u00adseus, hos\u00adpi\u00adtais, r\u00e1\u00addios, cursos abertos \u00e0 co\u00admu\u00adni\u00addade ex\u00adterna etc.) na Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade de S\u00e3o Paulo em re\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o ao PIB es\u00adta\u00addual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

En\u00adsino (gra\u00addu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o e p\u00f3s)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pes\u00adquisa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ex\u00adtens\u00e3o<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Total<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

0,12%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,06%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,01%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,18%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ta\u00adbela 3 \u2013 Custo da USP em re\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o ao PIB pau\u00adlista.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Caso o in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admento em en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior p\u00fa\u00adblico em S\u00e3o Paulo, em n\u00edvel de gra\u00addu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o, fosse da ordem de 1% do PIB es\u00adta\u00addual, valor t\u00ed\u00adpico para pa\u00edses cuja ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00adonal e re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade econ\u00f4\u00admica n\u00e3o s\u00e3o di\u00adfe\u00adrentes das nossas, a to\u00adta\u00adli\u00addade dos es\u00adtu\u00addantes de en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior pau\u00adlista po\u00adderia estar fre\u00adquen\u00adtando ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fa\u00adblicas de qua\u00adli\u00addade, es\u00adpa\u00adlhadas pelo es\u00adtado se\u00adgundo as ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addades e pos\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades das di\u00adfe\u00adrentes re\u00adgi\u00f5es e ci\u00addades (e n\u00e3o se\u00adgundo os in\u00adte\u00adresses co\u00admer\u00adciais), que ofe\u00adrecem cursos de qua\u00adli\u00addade e que res\u00adpondem ade\u00adqua\u00adda\u00admente \u00e0s nossas ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addades.<\/p>\n

Con\u00adclus\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

O aban\u00addono do en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior pelo setor p\u00fa\u00adblico e a con\u00adse\u00adquente en\u00adtrega ao setor pri\u00advado nada tem a ver com di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addades econ\u00f4\u00admicas do es\u00adtado de S\u00e3o Paulo.<\/p>\n

O custo para manter um es\u00adtu\u00addante na USP \u00e9 in\u00adfe\u00adrior, e bem in\u00adfe\u00adrior em al\u00adgumas \u00e1reas, ao custo de um es\u00adtu\u00addante no mesmo curso e em uma ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o pri\u00advada de qua\u00adli\u00addade equi\u00adva\u00adlente. Al\u00e9m disso, vale ob\u00adservar que a evas\u00e3o nas ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fa\u00adblicas de en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior \u00e9 menor do que nas ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es pri\u00advadas, fato que faz com que o custo de um aluno for\u00admado seja ainda mais fa\u00advo\u00adr\u00e1vel no setor p\u00fa\u00adblico quando com\u00adpa\u00adrado com o setor pri\u00advado.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o pode haver d\u00fa\u00advidas, por\u00adtanto, que o en\u00adsino p\u00fa\u00adblico su\u00adpe\u00adrior em uma uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade de qua\u00adli\u00addade \u00e9 to\u00adtal\u00admente com\u00adpa\u00adt\u00edvel com a re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade do es\u00adtado de S\u00e3o Paulo e, com\u00adpa\u00adra\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente, muito me\u00adlhor do que o en\u00adsino pri\u00advado. Vale lem\u00adbrar, por fim, que os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos em edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o se pagam em pe\u00adr\u00edodos que podem ser t\u00e3o curtos quanto cinco ou dez anos.<\/p>\n

Aban\u00addonar o en\u00adsino su\u00adpe\u00adrior \u00e9 um crime que se faz hoje e cuja v\u00ed\u00adtima ser\u00e1 a po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o fu\u00adtura.<\/p>\n

Notas:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Todos os dados ci\u00adtados t\u00eam como fonte as si\u00adnopses es\u00adta\u00adt\u00eds\u00adticas do INEP, in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais di\u00advul\u00adgadas pelo IBGE e os dados edu\u00adca\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais dis\u00adpo\u00adn\u00ed\u00adveis nos s\u00ed\u00adtios da UNESCO.<\/p>\n

2) De\u00adta\u00adlhes dos c\u00e1l\u00adculos apa\u00adrecem no ar\u00adtigo \u201cQuanto \u2018custa\u2019 a USP? Quanto \u2018custa\u2019 um aluno na USP?\u201d, pu\u00adbli\u00adcado ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00admente no Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania em 29\/junho\/2016 e aces\u00ads\u00edvel em
\nhttp:\/\/\u200bwww.\u200bcor\u200breio\u200bcida\u200bdani\u200ba.\u200bcom.\u200bbr\/\u200bsocial\/\u200b11786-\u200b29-\u200b06-\u200b2016-\u200bquanto-\u200bcusta-\u200ba-\u200busp-\u200bquanto-\u200bcusta-\u200bum-\u200baluno-\u200bna-\u200busp<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/12594-a-universidade-publica-de-qualidade-e-gratuita-e-viavel<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Otaviano Helene –\u00a0O ataque sis\u00adte\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtico \u00e0 uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica no Brasil, a fim de abrir es\u00adpa\u00e7o ao setor pri\u00advado, fez com que nosso pa\u00eds se tor\u00adnasse um da\u00adqueles com as mai\u00adores pro\u00adpor\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ma\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adculas no setor pri\u00advado em todo o mundo. Apesar da (falsa) jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtiva para a pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ser a ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade de apelar para que o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[41,70],"class_list":["post-5261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-educacao","tag-mercantilizacao","tag-neoliberalismo"],"yoast_head":"\nA Universidade p\u00fablica, de qualidade e gratuita \u00e9 vi\u00e1vel? - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/09\/15\/a-universidade-publica-de-qualidade-e-gratuita-e-viavel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Universidade p\u00fablica, de qualidade e gratuita \u00e9 vi\u00e1vel? - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Otaviano Helene –\u00a0O ataque sis\u00adte\u00adm\u00e1\u00adtico \u00e0 uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica no Brasil, a fim de abrir es\u00adpa\u00e7o ao setor pri\u00advado, fez com que nosso pa\u00eds se tor\u00adnasse um da\u00adqueles com as mai\u00adores pro\u00adpor\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ma\u00adtr\u00ed\u00adculas no setor pri\u00advado em todo o mundo. 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