{"id":3191,"date":"2017-03-04T12:12:19","date_gmt":"2017-03-04T15:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=3191"},"modified":"2017-03-03T14:14:45","modified_gmt":"2017-03-03T17:14:45","slug":"1917-2017-da-luz-para-as-sombras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/03\/04\/1917-2017-da-luz-para-as-sombras\/","title":{"rendered":"1917-2017: da luz para as sombras"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1rio Maestri<\/strong> – Pe\u00adtro\u00adgrado, 8 de ou\u00adtubro, 1917. A no\u00adt\u00edcia per\u00adcorreu o mundo, en\u00adchendo mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de seres hu\u00admanos de es\u00adpe\u00adran\u00e7a. Os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores ha\u00adviam to\u00admado o poder na ca\u00adpital po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica da R\u00fassia. A chama bru\u00adxu\u00adle\u00adante que tre\u00admu\u00adlara por se\u00admanas em Paris, em 1871, in\u00adcen\u00addiava as ci\u00addades e os campos sem fim do an\u00adtigo im\u00adp\u00e9rio dos czares. A nova ordem ofe\u00adrecia a paz, na guerra in\u00adte\u00adrim\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista, e a di\u00advis\u00e3o dos la\u00adti\u00adf\u00fan\u00addios, para os cam\u00adpo\u00adneses. Aos ope\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrios, en\u00adtre\u00adgava o con\u00adtrole das grandes f\u00e1\u00adbricas e, so\u00adbre\u00adtudo, o do\u00adm\u00ednio do novo Es\u00adtado, a ser go\u00adver\u00adnado por con\u00adse\u00adlhos ope\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrios lo\u00adcais, re\u00adgi\u00ado\u00adnais, na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais.<\/p>\n

O do\u00adm\u00ednio do grande ca\u00adpital dava lugar ao go\u00adverno e \u00e0 ordem dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores das ci\u00addades e dos campos. A pro\u00admessa te\u00f3\u00adrico-ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adfica de Marx e En\u00adgels do mundo ra\u00adci\u00adonal re\u00ador\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzando a ir\u00adra\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00addade do ca\u00adpital punha o p\u00e9 na terra e vi\u00adrava o mundo de pernas para o ar. So\u00adbre\u00adtudo, a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o russa dizia-se a van\u00adguarda da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o eu\u00adro\u00adpeia, im\u00adpres\u00adcin\u00add\u00edvel \u00e0 sua pr\u00f3\u00adpria con\u00adso\u00adli\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o, axioma do mar\u00adxismo re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio. A ordem ra\u00adci\u00adonal do mundo se con\u00adso\u00adli\u00addaria apenas com o fim total da de\u00adsordem ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista. Seria guerra \u00e0 morte, sem quartel!<\/p>\n

No mundo, o co\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o fra\u00adterno dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores en\u00adcheu-se de j\u00fa\u00adbilo e es\u00adpe\u00adran\u00e7a e a alma dura dos ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlistas foi to\u00admada do es\u00adp\u00ed\u00adrito tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00adonal de vin\u00adgan\u00e7a sem fim contra todos que se le\u00advan\u00adtavam contra os pri\u00advi\u00adle\u00adgi\u00adados, desde o grito de Pro\u00admeteu contra o Olimpo. Os re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios russos or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzaram-se para con\u00adso\u00adlidar o poder so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtico nos ter\u00adri\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios do ex-im\u00adp\u00e9rio e ex\u00adpandi-lo no mundo. En\u00adtre\u00admentes, era ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1rio sair da guerra, re\u00ador\u00adga\u00adnizar a pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, con\u00adso\u00adlidar os con\u00adse\u00adlhos dos tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores, a alma da ordem so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista.<\/p>\n

Tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores e tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addoras dos campos e das ci\u00addades rom\u00adpiam as amarras do atraso, do pre\u00adcon\u00adceito, do obs\u00adcu\u00adran\u00adtismo, na cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o do pre\u00adsente e fu\u00adturo. Des\u00adblo\u00adque\u00adavam-se as for\u00e7as ma\u00adte\u00adriais e es\u00adpi\u00adri\u00adtuais, su\u00adpe\u00adrando a ilu\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o do es\u00adp\u00ed\u00adrito hu\u00admano re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzada pela Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o de 1789. Em ter\u00adr\u00ed\u00adveis con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es ma\u00adte\u00adriais, o ci\u00adnema, a li\u00adte\u00adra\u00adtura, a m\u00fa\u00adsica, a po\u00adesia, a ar\u00adqui\u00adte\u00adtura, a lin\u00adgu\u00eds\u00adtica, as re\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es hu\u00admanas as\u00adsu\u00admiam vi\u00adta\u00adli\u00addade \u00fanica.<\/p>\n

Antes de so\u00ad\u00e7o\u00adbrar, a Ale\u00admanha im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista imp\u00f4s duras con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es para con\u00adceder a paz ao go\u00adverno so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtico, j\u00e1 quase sem ex\u00e9r\u00adcito – os sol\u00addados-cam\u00adpo\u00adneses vol\u00adtavam ao campo, eno\u00adjados com a he\u00adca\u00adtombe im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista e in\u00adte\u00adres\u00adsados na par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o das terras. Ter\u00admi\u00adnada a Pri\u00admeira Guerra, foi im\u00adposto blo\u00adqueio total \u00e0 R\u00fassia e tropas fran\u00adcesas, bri\u00adt\u00e2\u00adnicas, ja\u00adpo\u00adnesas, es\u00adta\u00addu\u00adni\u00addenses, ca\u00adna\u00addenses, ita\u00adli\u00adanas, alem\u00e3s, turcas, gregas etc. uniram-se ao Ex\u00e9r\u00adcito Branco para des\u00adtruir o poder ope\u00adr\u00e1rio em se\u00admente.<\/p>\n

Sob a di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o de Le\u00f3n Trotsky, o Ex\u00e9r\u00adcito Ver\u00admelho se cons\u00adtruiu ali\u00admen\u00adtando-se com a carne viva da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o. A m\u00ed\u00adsera pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00addus\u00adtrial foi mo\u00adno\u00adpo\u00adli\u00adzada pelo es\u00adfor\u00e7o de guerra. O con\u00adfisco das ma\u00adgras se\u00adaras cam\u00adpo\u00adnesas ali\u00admentou as tropas so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adticas. Sob a agi\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1ria em suas filas e pa\u00edses e os golpes do Ex\u00e9r\u00adcito Ver\u00admelho, a in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal re\u00adcuou e, em ou\u00adtubro de 1922, os ex\u00e9r\u00adcitos brancos foram ven\u00adcidos. O pre\u00e7o pago foi ter\u00adr\u00edvel. Mul\u00adti\u00add\u00f5es de ca\u00adle\u00adjados pro\u00adle\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrios e pro\u00adle\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrias, de fuzil no ombro e a es\u00adtrela ver\u00admelha no co\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o, ca\u00edram de\u00adfen\u00addendo a ordem so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtica. A pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00addus\u00adtrial ago\u00adni\u00adzava. A fome e o de\u00adsem\u00adprego des\u00adclas\u00adsavam os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores que re\u00adtor\u00adnavam ao mundo rural.<\/p>\n

Em 1923, Le\u00f3n Trotsky pu\u00adblicou en\u00adsaio pro\u00adf\u00e9\u00adtico, O Curso Novo, de\u00adnun\u00adci\u00adando a bu\u00adro\u00adcra\u00adti\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o de um Par\u00adtido Co\u00admu\u00adnista que di\u00adrigia a nova ordem em nome de pro\u00adle\u00adta\u00adriado j\u00e1 ine\u00adxis\u00adtente. Era \u00e1r\u00advore se pe\u00adtri\u00adfi\u00adcando sem seiva que a ali\u00admen\u00adtasse. Pa\u00adra\u00addoxo que, d\u00e9\u00adcadas mais tarde, en\u00adgo\u00adliria a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o. Trotsky prop\u00f4s in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ace\u00adle\u00adrada para res\u00adta\u00adbe\u00adlecer o pro\u00adle\u00adta\u00adriado e, assim, o poder so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtico, po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica re\u00adjei\u00adtada por bu\u00adro\u00adcracia que se lo\u00adcu\u00adple\u00adtava com o en\u00adsaio de res\u00adtau\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista em curso.<\/p>\n

Em 1923, a in\u00adsur\u00adrei\u00e7\u00e3o alem\u00e3 fra\u00adcassou e a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o re\u00adcuou no mundo. Em 21 de ja\u00adneiro de 1924, morria Lenin, o cri\u00adador do Par\u00adtido Bol\u00adche\u00advique. Em con\u00adso\u00adli\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o, a ordem bu\u00adro\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtica ex\u00adpulsou Trotsky da URSS, em 22 de ja\u00adneiro de 1927 e, nos anos se\u00adguintes, pro\u00adcedeu ter\u00adr\u00edvel apa\u00adga\u00admento da me\u00adm\u00f3ria da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o, eli\u00admi\u00adnando fi\u00adsi\u00adca\u00admente de\u00adzenas de mi\u00adlhares de ve\u00adlhos re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios. Em 1929, te\u00admendo a dis\u00adso\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o do seu poder, a bu\u00adro\u00adcracia avan\u00e7ou o pro\u00adgrama pro\u00adposto de in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o ace\u00adle\u00adrada, de forma au\u00adto\u00adri\u00adt\u00e1ria e ad\u00admi\u00adnis\u00adtra\u00adtiva, com co\u00adle\u00adti\u00advi\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00ad\u00e7ada e ar\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcial dos campos que, por d\u00e9\u00adcadas, feriu o mundo rural. A de\u00admo\u00adcracia e a gest\u00e3o ope\u00adr\u00e1ria j\u00e1 eram la\u00addai\u00adnhas ri\u00adtuais.<\/p>\n

Guiada por seus in\u00adte\u00adresses ime\u00addi\u00adatos, a bu\u00adro\u00adcracia re\u00adjeitou a re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o mun\u00addial como ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade, pro\u00adpondo a con\u00adso\u00adli\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o do so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo na URSS iso\u00adlada. O exemplo da su\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ado\u00adri\u00addade da so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade so\u00advi\u00e9\u00adtica poria abaixo a ordem im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlista, di\u00adziam. Ap\u00f3s a II Guerra, apoiou a ex\u00adtens\u00e3o da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o bu\u00adro\u00adcra\u00adti\u00adzada em pa\u00edses vi\u00adzi\u00adnhos para de\u00adfender suas fron\u00adteiras. A for\u00e7a e o im\u00adpulso da re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o, do pla\u00adne\u00adja\u00admento e da na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o da pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade im\u00adpul\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnaram a eco\u00adnomia em forma de\u00adcres\u00adcente, li\u00admi\u00adtada esta \u00fal\u00adtima pelas fron\u00adteiras na\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, pelo pa\u00adra\u00adsi\u00adtismo bu\u00adro\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico, pelo ataque in\u00adces\u00adsante do im\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlismo e de seus servis ali\u00adados, os par\u00adtidos so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas e so\u00adci\u00adal\u00adde\u00admo\u00adcratas.<\/p>\n

Em 1989, a URSS dis\u00adsolveu-se sob a press\u00e3o do grande ca\u00adpital e a con\u00adtrar\u00adre\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o e res\u00adtau\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista se es\u00adprai\u00adaram atrav\u00e9s do mundo, dis\u00adsol\u00advendo os es\u00adtados so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas, cor\u00adro\u00eddos pela co\u00adla\u00adbo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o com o ca\u00adpital e pela bu\u00adro\u00adcracia – Pol\u00f4nia, Re\u00adp\u00fa\u00adblica De\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtica da Ale\u00admanha, Vi\u00adetn\u00e3, China etc. Pro\u00adcesso hoje em seus der\u00adra\u00addeiros mo\u00admentos em Cuba e na Co\u00adr\u00e9ia do Norte. A res\u00adtau\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlista n\u00e3o foi o fim da his\u00adt\u00f3ria pro\u00adposto pelos apo\u00adlo\u00adgistas da ir\u00adra\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00addade. Mas fez o seu re\u00adl\u00f3gio en\u00adgolir dra\u00adma\u00adti\u00adca\u00admente sete d\u00e9\u00adcadas, avan\u00ad\u00e7ando para um tempo des\u00adco\u00adnhe\u00adcido de pro\u00adfundas som\u00adbras.<\/p>\n

No in\u00edcio do s\u00e9\u00adculo 20, Rosa Lu\u00adxem\u00adburgo lem\u00adbrou que a luta era entre o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo e a bar\u00adb\u00e1rie, e n\u00e3o entre o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo e o ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adlismo. Marx pro\u00adpu\u00adsera que a n\u00e3o su\u00adpe\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de ordem his\u00adto\u00adri\u00adca\u00admente es\u00adgo\u00adtada, le\u00advava \u00e0 sua con\u00adso\u00adli\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o senil e ag\u00f4\u00adnica. Ao ler, quando es\u00adtu\u00addante, na ino\u00adcente Porto Alegre de 1967, essa pre\u00advis\u00e3o, ma\u00adte\u00adri\u00ada\u00adlizei-a com di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addade. Minha imagem do\u00admi\u00adnante de b\u00e1r\u00adbaro era o guer\u00adreiro loiro de tran\u00adci\u00adnhas que in\u00adva\u00addira Roma.<\/p>\n

Hoje, com\u00adpre\u00aden\u00addemos em forma ime\u00addiata o con\u00adceito \u201cbar\u00adb\u00e1rie mo\u00adderna\u201d. Uma so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade onde, muito logo, os 9% mais ricos con\u00adtro\u00adlar\u00e3o 91% da ri\u00adqueza mun\u00addial. Um mundo fei\u00adto\u00adri\u00adzado por \u00f3r\u00adg\u00e3os su\u00adpra\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, que tem no de\u00adsem\u00adprego a so\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o dos males econ\u00f4\u00admicos. Que per\u00admite todo tipo de en\u00adfer\u00admi\u00addades – AIDS, febre ama\u00adrela, dengue, zika etc. – para en\u00adgordar o ne\u00adg\u00f3cio far\u00adma\u00adc\u00eau\u00adtico e m\u00e9\u00addico. Que fo\u00admenta a ig\u00adno\u00adr\u00e2ncia, o obs\u00adcu\u00adran\u00adtismo, o fa\u00adna\u00adtismo para poupar com a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e ma\u00adni\u00adpular as po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. Que imp\u00f5e a ordem senil atrav\u00e9s da f\u00faria b\u00e9\u00adlica. Que avan\u00e7a in\u00addi\u00adfe\u00adrente \u00e0 de\u00adgra\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o que ga\u00adlopa a fr\u00e1gil crosta em que ha\u00adbi\u00adtamos, porque o ca\u00adpital deve fru\u00adti\u00adficar agora, mesmo que no amanh\u00e3 do\u00admine a morte. Uma re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade em que fra\u00adter\u00adni\u00addade \u00e9 pa\u00adla\u00advr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Em 1917, o mundo ilu\u00adminou-se de es\u00adpe\u00adran\u00e7as, em ma\u00addru\u00adgada que se anun\u00adciava en\u00adso\u00adla\u00adrada. Hoje, cem anos mais tarde, som\u00adbras es\u00adpessas ame\u00ada\u00e7am-nos com uma noite sem fim.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/12362-1917-2017-da-luz-para-as-sombras<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1rio Maestri – Pe\u00adtro\u00adgrado, 8 de ou\u00adtubro, 1917. A no\u00adt\u00edcia per\u00adcorreu o mundo, en\u00adchendo mi\u00adlh\u00f5es de seres hu\u00admanos de es\u00adpe\u00adran\u00e7a. Os tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores ha\u00adviam to\u00admado o poder na ca\u00adpital po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica da R\u00fassia. A chama bru\u00adxu\u00adle\u00adante que tre\u00admu\u00adlara por se\u00admanas em Paris, em 1871, in\u00adcen\u00addiava as ci\u00addades e os campos sem fim do an\u00adtigo im\u00adp\u00e9rio dos czares. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-3191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacional","tag-100-anos-rev-russa"],"yoast_head":"\n1917-2017: da luz para as sombras - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2017\/03\/04\/1917-2017-da-luz-para-as-sombras\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1917-2017: da luz para as sombras - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00e1rio Maestri – Pe\u00adtro\u00adgrado, 8 de ou\u00adtubro, 1917. 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