{"id":10746,"date":"2019-05-22T09:17:04","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T12:17:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?p=10746"},"modified":"2019-05-21T23:51:29","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:51:29","slug":"gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/","title":{"rendered":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lincoln Secco<\/strong> – Nos es\u00adter\u00adtores da Di\u00adta\u00addura Civil-Mi\u00adlitar, a ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita bra\u00adsi\u00adleira en\u00adfrentou uma crise de di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o e teve que mudar. Os ide\u00f3\u00adlogos mi\u00adli\u00adtares se vol\u00adtaram para novas te\u00ado\u00adrias que a es\u00adquerda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira de\u00adbatia no final dos anos 1970, entre elas a de An\u00adtonio Gramsci (1).<\/p>\n

A aten\u00e7\u00e3o se jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcava porque a luta ar\u00admada n\u00e3o existia mais, o alvo havia se em\u00adba\u00ad\u00e7ado e, apesar da re\u00adpress\u00e3o, o Par\u00adtido Co\u00admu\u00adnista havia so\u00adbre\u00advi\u00advido elei\u00adto\u00adral\u00admente no MDB e con\u00adti\u00adnuava ativo no meio sin\u00addical.<\/p>\n

Os ser\u00advi\u00e7os de in\u00adte\u00adli\u00adg\u00eancia pre\u00adci\u00adsavam de novas fun\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. Muitos de\u00adla\u00adtores civis foram aban\u00addo\u00adnados e se en\u00advol\u00adveram na cri\u00admi\u00adna\u00adli\u00addade comum (2). Entre mar\u00e7o de 1978 e maio de 1981 os grupos de re\u00adpress\u00e3o mi\u00adli\u00adtares re\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzaram 40 aten\u00adtados (se\u00adques\u00adtros, as\u00adsas\u00adsi\u00adnatos e ex\u00adplo\u00ads\u00f5es). (3) Mas eram atos de de\u00adses\u00adpero di\u00adante da imi\u00adnente re\u00adti\u00adrada de cena.<\/p>\n

A sub\u00advers\u00e3o passou a ser iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcada pelos ofi\u00adciais bra\u00adsi\u00adleiros numa su\u00adposta es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia in\u00addi\u00adreta grams\u00adciana ope\u00adrada por par\u00adtidos, es\u00adcolas e Igreja Ca\u00adt\u00f3\u00adlica. A Re\u00adgi\u00adonal Nor\u00addeste I da Con\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia Na\u00adci\u00adonal dos Bispos do Brasil era acu\u00adsada de en\u00adsinar a to\u00admada do poder num de seus ca\u00addernos pas\u00adto\u00adrais com base em Gramsci (4).<\/p>\n

A for\u00admu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o do grams\u00adcismo nos anos 1980<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na \u201cS\u00edn\u00adtese da si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o da sub\u00advers\u00e3o no Brasil\u201d, do\u00adcu\u00admento da de\u00adle\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o mi\u00adlitar bra\u00adsi\u00adleira na 17\u00aa Con\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia dos Ex\u00e9r\u00adcitos Ame\u00adri\u00adcanos, 30% dos cons\u00adti\u00adtuintes eram con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrados sub\u00adver\u00adsivos (5). O evento trans\u00adcorreu em no\u00advembro de 1987 em Mar del Plata, na Ar\u00adgen\u00adtina.<\/p>\n

Na\u00adquela con\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia havia re\u00adpre\u00adsen\u00adtantes de 15 Ex\u00e9r\u00adcitos das Am\u00e9\u00adricas (entre eles o do Brasil), os quais as\u00adsi\u00adnaram um acordo que previa \u201ca\u00e7\u00f5es nos de\u00admais campos do poder\u201d, al\u00e9m do es\u00adtri\u00adta\u00admente mi\u00adlitar, para \u201ca se\u00adgu\u00adran\u00e7a e de\u00adfesa do con\u00adti\u00adnente ame\u00adri\u00adcano contra o Mo\u00advi\u00admento Co\u00admu\u00adnista In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal\u201d.<\/p>\n

O in\u00adforme de in\u00adte\u00adli\u00adg\u00eancia apre\u00adsen\u00adtado \u00e0quela Con\u00adfe\u00adr\u00eancia dos Ex\u00e9r\u00adcitos Ame\u00adri\u00adcanos apon\u00adtava An\u00adtonio Gramsci como o ide\u00f3\u00adlogo da nova es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia do Mo\u00advi\u00admento Co\u00admu\u00adnista In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal. Para a Am\u00e9\u00adrica La\u00adtina, essa es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia re\u00adcebeu o nome de \u201came\u00adro\u00adco\u00admu\u00adnismo\u201d, em adap\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o do \u201ceu\u00adro\u00adco\u00admu\u00adnismo\u201d ado\u00adtado na Eu\u00adropa. Dizia o re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3rio:<\/p>\n

\u201cPara Gramsci, o m\u00e9\u00adtodo n\u00e3o con\u00adsistia na con\u00adquista \u2018re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1ria do poder\u2019, mas em sub\u00adverter cul\u00adtu\u00adral\u00admente a so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade como passo ime\u00addiato para al\u00adcan\u00e7ar o poder po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico de forma pro\u00adgres\u00adsiva, pa\u00adc\u00ed\u00adfica e pe\u00adrene […]. Para este ide\u00f3\u00adlogo, a ideia prin\u00adcipal se ba\u00adseia na uti\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o do jogo de\u00admo\u00adcr\u00e1\u00adtico para a ins\u00adta\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o do so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo no poder. Uma vez al\u00adcan\u00ad\u00e7ado esse pri\u00admeiro ob\u00adje\u00adtivo, se busca impor fi\u00adnal\u00admente o co\u00admu\u00adnismo re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio. Sua obra est\u00e1 di\u00adri\u00adgida es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00adal\u00admente aos in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtuais, pro\u00adfis\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnais e aos que ma\u00adnejam os meios ma\u00adci\u00e7os de co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adcial\u201d (6).<\/p>\n

Recuo e re\u00adto\u00admada nos anos 1990<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ao lado dessa pre\u00ado\u00adcu\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o com as ideias de Gramsci, v\u00e1\u00adrios or\u00adga\u00adnismos de di\u00adfus\u00e3o do ide\u00e1rio pr\u00f3-mer\u00adcado foram fun\u00addados nos anos 1980. Mas o fra\u00adcasso do go\u00adverno Collor, iden\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcado com aquela vis\u00e3o, levou a um re\u00adtro\u00adcesso e \u00e0 queda das ati\u00advi\u00addades dos think tanks li\u00adbe\u00adrais (7).<\/p>\n

Apesar disso, em 1994 o es\u00adcritor Olavo de Car\u00advalho, que viria a se tornar um ide\u00f3\u00adlogo da nova di\u00adreita, lan\u00e7ou um livro contra Gramsci, em que o des\u00adcrevia como o \u201cpro\u00adfeta da im\u00adbe\u00adci\u00adli\u00addade, o guia de im\u00adbecis\u201d (8). Car\u00advalho man\u00adteve uma in\u00adtran\u00adsi\u00adg\u00eancia dou\u00adtri\u00adn\u00e1ria cons\u00adtante mesmo sob a mais se\u00advera mar\u00adgi\u00adna\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o. Ins\u00adpirou-se no exemplo dos ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adbe\u00adrais da \u00e9poca de Hayek, os quais sou\u00adberam es\u00adperar os ventos pro\u00adp\u00ed\u00adcios \u00e0s suas ideias.<\/p>\n

O autor as\u00adso\u00adciava a es\u00adquerda ao crime or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzado e in\u00advestia contra o \u201cco\u00admu\u00adnismo dis\u00adfar\u00ad\u00e7ado do PT\u201d. Ele usou v\u00e1\u00adrias me\u00adt\u00e1\u00adforas se\u00adxuais para des\u00adcrever con\u00adceitos de Gramsci: \u201cse\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, \u201ces\u00adtupro\u201d, \u201csa\u00adcudir as ba\u00adnhas\u201d (sic), \u201csa\u00adca\u00adnagem\u201d, \u201csu\u00adruba ide\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica\u201d, \u201cetapa or\u00adgi\u00e1s\u00adtica\u201d, \u201cAnt\u00f4nio-s\u00f3-a-ca\u00adbe\u00adcinha-Gramsci\u201d e \u201cpe\u00adne\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o ca\u00admu\u00adflada\u201d. Para ele, Gramsci es\u00adtaria para a se\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o como L\u00eanin para o es\u00adtupro. Mais tarde ele es\u00adcreveu o ar\u00adtigo \u201cM\u00e1fia Grams\u00adciana\u201d (9), com\u00adple\u00adtando com ana\u00adlo\u00adgias entre o mar\u00adxismo e as\u00adso\u00adci\u00ada\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es cri\u00admi\u00adnosas.<\/p>\n

A im\u00adpor\u00adt\u00e2ncia do autor \u00e9 que ele an\u00adte\u00adcipou uma lin\u00adguagem ape\u00adla\u00adtiva e anti-in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual antes que esse tipo de abor\u00addagem en\u00adcon\u00adtrasse um lugar e um ins\u00adtru\u00admento efi\u00adci\u00adente de dis\u00adse\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o nas redes so\u00adciais, ent\u00e3o ine\u00adxis\u00adtentes.<\/p>\n

At\u00e9 ent\u00e3o esse tipo de es\u00adcrita era bas\u00adtante mar\u00adginal e os es\u00adcri\u00adtores li\u00adbe\u00adrais pro\u00adcu\u00adravam pontos de con\u00adtato com a tra\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de es\u00adquerda, en\u00adde\u00adre\u00ad\u00e7ando-lhe cr\u00ed\u00adticas mais so\u00adfis\u00adti\u00adcadas, como foi o caso de Jos\u00e9 Gui\u00adlherme Mer\u00adquior, as\u00adsessor in\u00adformal do ex-pre\u00adsi\u00addente Fer\u00adnando Collor. Ou\u00adtros se abri\u00adgavam em seu l\u00f3cus ide\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico de maior for\u00e7a: a te\u00adoria ne\u00ado\u00adcl\u00e1s\u00adsica, como a mai\u00adoria dos eco\u00adno\u00admistas. Mas isso mudou.<\/p>\n

A vi\u00adrada \u00e0 his\u00adteria co\u00adle\u00adtiva<\/strong><\/p>\n

No seu livro A Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Grams\u00adcista no Oci\u00addente: a Con\u00adcep\u00e7\u00e3o Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1ria de Ant\u00f4nio Gramsci em os Ca\u00addernos do C\u00e1r\u00adcere, de 2002, o Ge\u00adneral S\u00e9rgio Au\u00adgusto de Avellar Cou\u00adtinho es\u00adcreveu que a vers\u00e3o \u201cgrams\u00adcista\u201d de to\u00admada do poder seria \u201cle\u00advada a efeito ap\u00f3s a con\u00adquista legal do go\u00adverno\u201d, sob \u201cm\u00e1s\u00adcara cons\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adci\u00adonal\u201d, e s\u00f3 podia ser evi\u00adtada pela in\u00adter\u00adven\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtico-mi\u00adlitar em res\u00adposta ao apelo da so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade na\u00adci\u00adonal.<\/p>\n

Em nome da de\u00adfesa da Ordem \u00e9 pre\u00adciso sa\u00adcri\u00adficar a Cons\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o, pois ela per\u00admite a exe\u00adcu\u00e7\u00e3o da es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia in\u00addi\u00adreta do \u201cgrams\u00adcismo\u201d. Em\u00adbora apa\u00adren\u00adte\u00admente ba\u00adseada na con\u00adsulta da edi\u00e7\u00e3o bra\u00adsi\u00adleira dos \u201cCa\u00addernos do C\u00e1r\u00adcere\u201d, por\u00adtanto uma pes\u00adquisa do\u00adtada de l\u00f3\u00adgica in\u00adterna, a ca\u00add\u00eancia da ex\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 que\u00adbrada por de\u00adn\u00fan\u00adcias da base \u201cnas\u00adse\u00adrista\u201d (sic) do PT, do mar\u00adxismo de Lula e de Jos\u00e9 Serra, entre ou\u00adtros co\u00admen\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrios po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticos.<\/p>\n

Anos de\u00adpois o Ins\u00adti\u00adtuto Von Mises de\u00adnun\u00adci\u00adaria \u201co ve\u00adneno de Bakhtin, Gramsci, Pi\u00adaget e Freire\u201d (10). At\u00e9 o ge\u00f3\u00adgrafo Milton Santos es\u00adtaria ma\u00adcu\u00adlado pelo grams\u00adcismo, con\u00adforme o blog O Anti-Gramsci, des\u00adti\u00adnado a com\u00adbater \u201ca Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Si\u00adlen\u00adciosa que em\u00adbota a cons\u00adci\u00ad\u00eancia bra\u00adsi\u00adleira\u201d. A Es\u00adcola de Frank\u00adfurt, Althusser e Edward Said tamb\u00e9m se\u00adriam pais da \u201cNova Ordem Mun\u00addial\u201d e da pe\u00adres\u00adtroika (sic), esta en\u00adten\u00addida como \u201cuma vi\u00adrada es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgica rumo \u00e0 do\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o mun\u00addial atrav\u00e9s de uma lenta re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o cul\u00adtural en\u00adca\u00adbe\u00ad\u00e7ada pelo eco\u00adlo\u00adgismo\u201d (sic).<\/p>\n

A Bi\u00adbli\u00ado\u00adteca do Ex\u00e9r\u00adcito, atrav\u00e9s de Nilson Vi\u00adeira Fer\u00adreira de Mello, membro do seu Con\u00adselho Edi\u00adto\u00adrial, di\u00advulgou o ci\u00adtado livro A Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Grams\u00adcista no Oci\u00addente de S\u00e9rgio Cou\u00adtinho. Ha\u00adveria uma \u201ces\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia grams\u00adciana de im\u00adplantar o so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlismo sem re\u00adcorrer \u00e0s armas con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais\u201d (11).<\/p>\n

Da te\u00adoria \u00e0 pr\u00e1\u00adtica<\/strong><\/p>\n

A cam\u00adpanha da ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita \u00e0 pre\u00adsi\u00add\u00eancia foi ba\u00adseada no com\u00adbate \u00e0 cul\u00adtura de es\u00adquerda, \u00e0 \u201cide\u00ado\u00adlogia de g\u00ea\u00adnero\u201d e \u00e0 vi\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade de com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admentos dis\u00adso\u00adnantes da tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00adonal fa\u00adm\u00edlia bra\u00adsi\u00adleira. O Vice dele, Ge\u00adneral Mour\u00e3o, afirmou que \u201co mar\u00adxismo cul\u00adtural e suas de\u00adri\u00adva\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es como o grams\u00adcismo, se uniu \u00e0s oli\u00adgar\u00adquias cor\u00adruptas para minar os va\u00adlores da na\u00e7\u00e3o e da fa\u00adm\u00edlia bra\u00adsi\u00adleira\u201d (12).<\/p>\n

Na ver\u00addade era uma c\u00f3pia de um trecho do plano de go\u00adverno de Bol\u00adso\u00adnaro. O em\u00adpre\u00ads\u00e1rio Flavio Rocha, dono das lojas Ri\u00ada\u00adchuelo, disse que pre\u00adci\u00adsamos atacar o grams\u00adcismo que est\u00e1 es\u00adpa\u00adlhado pelo pa\u00eds (13). Para o Ge\u00adneral Os\u00advaldo Fer\u00adreira, as\u00adsessor de Bol\u00adso\u00adnaro para a edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, o ob\u00adje\u00adtivo seria o de re\u00adduzir a in\u00adflu\u00eancia de Gramsci e Paulo Freire na for\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o de pro\u00adfes\u00adsores (14).<\/p>\n

A onda contra o grams\u00adcismo atingiu at\u00e9 um tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00adonal jornal pau\u00adlista, que conta entre seus ar\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlistas in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtuais li\u00adbe\u00adrais de origem grams\u00adciana, como Marco Au\u00adrelio No\u00adgueira e Luiz Sergio Hen\u00adri\u00adques. Pouco de\u00adpois de pu\u00adblicar um ar\u00adtigo contra o mar\u00adxismo cul\u00adtural do Ge\u00adneral R\u00f4\u00admulo Pe\u00adreira (15), O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo fez pu\u00adblicar um edi\u00adto\u00adrial \u201ccontra dou\u00adtri\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o do mar\u00adxismo grams\u00adciano\u201d (16). A In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adti\u00adonal Gramsci So\u00adciety, se\u00e7\u00e3o bra\u00adsi\u00adleira, pro\u00adduziu uma Carta Aberta em res\u00adposta \u00e0 amea\u00e7a do \u201cgrams\u00adcismo\u201d (18).<\/p>\n

T\u00e9c\u00adnicas de ma\u00adni\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

A mai\u00adoria dos pro\u00adfes\u00adsores sabe que a me\u00adlhor ma\u00adneira de se fazer de um aluno um ad\u00adver\u00ads\u00e1rio \u00e9 dou\u00adtrin\u00e1-lo. A c\u00e1\u00adtedra n\u00e3o \u00e9 o p\u00fal\u00adpito ou a tri\u00adbuna. H\u00e1 o ideal da neu\u00adtra\u00adli\u00addade axi\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgica, a oferta de m\u00fal\u00adti\u00adplas abor\u00adda\u00adgens e at\u00e9 a ho\u00adnes\u00adti\u00addade in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual de re\u00advelar o ponto de par\u00adtida te\u00f3\u00adrico. Isso \u00e9 educar para a li\u00adber\u00addade.<\/p>\n

An\u00adtonio Gramsci \u00e9 ci\u00adtado no Brasil desde 1923 e, na ex\u00adpress\u00e3o do es\u00adtu\u00addioso ita\u00adliano Guido Li\u00adguori, sempre foi um autor \u201ccon\u00adteso\u201d ou seja, \u201cdis\u00adpu\u00adtado\u201d. Foi, por\u00adtanto, um le\u00adg\u00ed\u00adtimo ob\u00adjeto de es\u00adtudos aca\u00add\u00ea\u00admicos. Assim, n\u00e3o sur\u00adpre\u00adendia a nin\u00adgu\u00e9m que um pen\u00adsador li\u00adberal eru\u00addito como J. G. Mer\u00adquior dis\u00adcu\u00adtisse suas ideias nos anos 1980 ou que o pro\u00adfessor da USP Oli\u00adveiros Fer\u00adreira, um pro\u00adfundo e res\u00adpei\u00adtado in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual con\u00adser\u00advador, fi\u00adzesse uma tese aca\u00add\u00ea\u00admica sobre Gramsci. De\u00adpois disso, ra\u00adra\u00admente um aca\u00add\u00ea\u00admico con\u00adser\u00advador pes\u00adquisou o pen\u00adsa\u00admento grams\u00adciano, ex\u00adceto em ar\u00adtigos de oca\u00adsi\u00e3o com baixo valor in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual (18).<\/p>\n

En\u00adtre\u00adtanto, a nin\u00adgu\u00e9m pas\u00adsava pela ca\u00adbe\u00e7a que qual\u00adquer pen\u00adsador im\u00adpor\u00adtante pu\u00addesse sim\u00adples\u00admente se tornar o centro de uma te\u00adoria cons\u00adpi\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3ria. O pro\u00adblema n\u00e3o est\u00e1 na es\u00adta\u00adtura in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual, em geral so\u00adfr\u00edvel, do adepto desse tipo de te\u00adoria. No Brasil ne\u00adnhum in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual re\u00adco\u00adnhe\u00adcido aderiu a po\u00adsi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita. Te\u00f3\u00adricos im\u00adpor\u00adtantes como Hei\u00addegger, Hjalmar Schacht e Carl Sch\u00admidt ade\u00adriram ao na\u00adzismo.<\/p>\n

Mas o pro\u00adblema est\u00e1 na pr\u00f3\u00adpria ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita. Ela se re\u00adsume no fim das contas a uma ma\u00adni\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o ra\u00adci\u00adonal da ir\u00adra\u00adci\u00ado\u00adna\u00adli\u00addade de seus se\u00adgui\u00addores. Isso im\u00adpede qual\u00adquer so\u00adfis\u00adti\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o te\u00f3\u00adrica. Seus ide\u00f3\u00adlogos n\u00e3o podem ser pro\u00adfundos, apenas t\u00e9c\u00adnicos ou cri\u00ada\u00addores de pa\u00adla\u00advras de ordem sim\u00adpl\u00f3\u00adrias, bo\u00adatos e cons\u00adpi\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. Da\u00ed a glo\u00adri\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o do \u201ces\u00adpe\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlista\u201d e o des\u00adprezo pela Fi\u00adlo\u00adsofia, en\u00adquanto a His\u00adt\u00f3ria se torna palco de dis\u00adputas entre a \u201cver\u00addade su\u00adfo\u00adcada\u201d e a \u201cma\u00adni\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d pro\u00admo\u00advida pela quase to\u00adta\u00adli\u00addade dos his\u00adto\u00adri\u00ada\u00addores pro\u00adfis\u00adsi\u00ado\u00adnais.<\/p>\n

\u201cMemes\u201d, ma\u00adni\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o de ima\u00adgens e no\u00adt\u00ed\u00adcias, pa\u00adla\u00advras de ordem men\u00adti\u00adrosas re\u00adpe\u00adtidas ad nau\u00adseam e re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de todo pen\u00adsa\u00admento e com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admento di\u00adverso a uma ca\u00adri\u00adca\u00adtura j\u00e1 exis\u00adtiam. Go\u00adeb\u00adbels foi um mestre nessa t\u00e9c\u00adnica. Mas um as\u00adpecto formal in\u00addis\u00adpen\u00ads\u00e1vel foi a com\u00adbi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o de tr\u00eas ver\u00adtentes opostas: re\u00adfe\u00adr\u00ean\u00adcias su\u00adpos\u00adta\u00admente eru\u00additas; lin\u00adguagem ape\u00adla\u00adtiva e vulgar; con\u00advite \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o. Vamos a elas.<\/p>\n

Em pri\u00admeiro lugar, o \u201ceru\u00addito\u201d da nova di\u00adreita cita au\u00adtores que ele sup\u00f5e serem mar\u00adxistas, am\u00adpli\u00adando bas\u00adtante o con\u00adceito para nele in\u00adcluir qual\u00adquer um que dele dis\u00adcorde. De S\u00e3o Tom\u00e1s de Aquino a Le\u00ado\u00adnardo Boff, de Fer\u00adnando Hen\u00adrique Car\u00addoso a Ma\u00adri\u00adlena Chaui, s\u00e3o todos re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios.
\nA lin\u00adguagem tem um ritmo: re\u00adcurso \u00e0 his\u00adt\u00f3ria, su\u00adposta de\u00admons\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o de co\u00adnhe\u00adci\u00admento do \u201cpen\u00adsa\u00admento de es\u00adquerda\u201d e ci\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es (nor\u00admal\u00admente c\u00f3\u00adpias de \u00edn\u00addices ono\u00adm\u00e1s\u00adticos ou \u201ccopia e cola\u201d de textos da in\u00adternet para \u201cprovar\u201d a lei\u00adtura de\u00addi\u00adcada das obras de Gramsci, por exemplo).<\/p>\n

Em se\u00adgundo lugar, h\u00e1 um re\u00adcurso pre\u00adpon\u00adde\u00adrante, uma t\u00e9c\u00adnica e um m\u00e9\u00adtodo. O re\u00adcurso \u00e9 a lin\u00adguagem en\u00advi\u00adle\u00adcida, com abun\u00add\u00e2ncia de ad\u00adje\u00adtivos, com\u00adbi\u00adnada com a \u201ceru\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, cons\u00adti\u00adtuindo uma mis\u00adce\u00adl\u00e2nea pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtal\u00admente con\u00adfusa. A t\u00e9c\u00adnica \u00e9 a re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de con\u00adceitos a sim\u00adpli\u00adfi\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es e agres\u00ads\u00f5es ver\u00adbais. O m\u00e9\u00adtodo \u00e9 a ar\u00adgu\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o ad ho\u00adminem e, seu co\u00adro\u00adl\u00e1rio, a ex\u00adpli\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o do pen\u00adsa\u00admento oposto pelas qua\u00adli\u00addades que se\u00adriam in\u00adtr\u00edn\u00adsecas ao ad\u00adver\u00ads\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

O ad\u00adver\u00ads\u00e1rio \u00e9 um pseudo-in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual, um homem ou mu\u00adlher me\u00add\u00edocre. A es\u00adquerda \u00e9 in\u00adcapaz, fra\u00adcas\u00adsada, de classe-m\u00e9dia e li\u00adde\u00adran\u00e7as de tra\u00adba\u00adlha\u00addores s\u00e3o qua\u00adli\u00adfi\u00adcadas de ape\u00addeutas, anal\u00adfa\u00adbetos fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, de\u00adli\u00adrantes etc. Note-se que pa\u00adrece se tratar do medo que o pr\u00f3\u00adprio for\u00admu\u00adlador tem de estar fa\u00adzendo uma au\u00adto\u00addes\u00adcri\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Por fim, h\u00e1 um apelo \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o. Co\u00adme\u00e7a pela au\u00adto\u00adglo\u00adri\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o do pr\u00f3\u00adprio fra\u00adcasso, do iso\u00adla\u00admento, do n\u00e3o re\u00adco\u00adnhe\u00adci\u00admento in\u00adte\u00adlec\u00adtual. A culpa seria da pe\u00adne\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o \u201cgrams\u00adcista\u201d nos meios de co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o e do mo\u00adno\u00adp\u00f3lio dos adeptos de Paulo Freire nas es\u00adcolas, uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addades, jor\u00adnais, re\u00advistas e at\u00e9 na Rede Globo. Vin\u00adcula-se a isso a ci\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de au\u00adtores ul\u00adtra\u00adli\u00adbe\u00adrais sem re\u00adper\u00adcuss\u00e3o aca\u00add\u00ea\u00admica. Eles s\u00e3o apre\u00adsen\u00adtados como g\u00ea\u00adnios in\u00adcom\u00adpre\u00aden\u00addidos, res\u00adga\u00adtados do limbo.<\/p>\n

O es\u00adcopo \u00e9 evi\u00addente: os que os re\u00adtiram do es\u00adque\u00adci\u00admento est\u00e3o re\u00adti\u00adrando a si mesmos de uma con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o an\u00e1\u00adloga e ainda de\u00admons\u00adtrando que a \u201ces\u00adquerda\u201d \u00e9 ig\u00adnara a ponto de des\u00adco\u00adnhecer aqueles au\u00adtores fun\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtais para a his\u00adt\u00f3ria da fi\u00adlo\u00adsofia. Pa\u00adra\u00adle\u00adla\u00admente, pro\u00adp\u00f5em o fim da pr\u00f3\u00adpria Fi\u00adlo\u00adsofia, me\u00addi\u00adante sua proi\u00adbi\u00e7\u00e3o nas es\u00adcolas e re\u00adti\u00adrada de verbas nas uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addades p\u00fa\u00adblicas e con\u00advidam todos \u00e0 a\u00e7\u00e3o mo\u00adra\u00adli\u00adza\u00addora.<\/p>\n

Uma \u201ccon\u00adclus\u00e3o grams\u00adciana\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e3o existe \u201cgrams\u00adcismo\u201d em Gramsci, \u00e9 \u00f3bvio. Ele \u00e9 a au\u00adto\u00addes\u00adcri\u00e7\u00e3o dos seus pr\u00f3\u00adprios cri\u00ada\u00addores. A ca\u00adri\u00adca\u00adtura do pen\u00adsa\u00admento do outro existe porque as te\u00ado\u00adrias cons\u00adpi\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrias s\u00e3o ba\u00adsi\u00adca\u00admente fe\u00adti\u00adchistas. Agarram-se a \u201cfatos\u201d e des\u00adcri\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es su\u00adm\u00e1\u00adrias de com\u00adpor\u00adta\u00admentos e in\u00addi\u00adv\u00ed\u00adduos que per\u00adso\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adriam a \u201ces\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9gia\u201d do ini\u00admigo. Assim, uma mu\u00adlher l\u00e9s\u00adbica n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma pessoa e sim a per\u00adso\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ide\u00ado\u00adlogia.<\/p>\n

Eles n\u00e3o podem ja\u00admais con\u00adceber a com\u00adple\u00adxi\u00addade do pen\u00adsa\u00admento ad\u00adver\u00ads\u00e1rio. Seu modus ope\u00adrandi con\u00adsiste no uso de t\u00e9c\u00adnicas ide\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgicas de pe\u00adne\u00adtra\u00e7\u00e3o cul\u00adtural nos meios de co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o para di\u00adfundir a ideia de que h\u00e1 um n\u00fa\u00adcleo cons\u00adpi\u00adra\u00adt\u00f3rio \u201cmar\u00adxista cul\u00adtural\u201d, de forma se\u00adme\u00adlhante \u00e0 cons\u00adpi\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o \u201cju\u00addaico-bol\u00adche\u00advique\u201d do pas\u00adsado. Os \u201cgrams\u00adcistas\u201d s\u00e3o eles mesmos.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Pra quem re\u00adal\u00admente quiser en\u00adtender o pen\u00adsa\u00admento grams\u00adciano para al\u00e9m das dis\u00adtor\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es do \u201cgrams\u00adcismo\u201d for\u00admu\u00adlado pela ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita bra\u00adsi\u00adleira, re\u00adco\u00admen\u00addamos con\u00adsultar o Di\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio grams\u00adciano, or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzado por Guido Li\u00adguori e Pas\u00adquale Voza. A obra des\u00adtrincha os prin\u00adci\u00adpais con\u00adceitos de An\u00adtonio Gramsci em uma en\u00adci\u00adclo\u00adp\u00e9dia com mais de 600 ver\u00adbetes, ela\u00adbo\u00adrados por al\u00adguns dos mais im\u00adpor\u00adtantes es\u00adtu\u00addi\u00adosos de sua obra no mundo.<\/p>\n

Notas
\n<\/strong>
\n1 Vers\u00e3o mo\u00addi\u00adfi\u00adcada de um ar\u00adtigo pu\u00adbli\u00adcado ori\u00adgi\u00adnal\u00admente em es\u00adpa\u00adnhol. Lin\u00adcoln Secco, \u201cGrams\u00adcismo: Una Ide\u00ado\u00adlog\u00eda De La Nueva De\u00adrecha Bra\u00adsile\u00f1a\u201d, em: Re\u00advista Po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica La\u00adti\u00adno\u00ada\u00adme\u00adri\u00adcana<\/em>, (7), 2018, Bu\u00adenos Aires.
\n2 C. Guerra, Me\u00adm\u00f3\u00adrias de uma Guerra Suja. De\u00adpoi\u00admento a Ro\u00adg\u00e9rio Me\u00addeiros e Mar\u00adcelo Netto (S\u00e3o Paulo: Edi\u00adtora Top\u00adbooks, 2012).
\n3 H. Silva, O Poder Mi\u00adlitar (Porto Alegre: LPM, 1987), p. 543
\n4 O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo, 23 fev. 1988.
\n5 O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo, 27 set. 1988.
\n6 Folha de S.\u200bPaulo, 25 set. 1988.
\n7 Ca\u00admila Rocha, \u201cO papel dos think tanks pr\u00f3-mer\u00adcado na di\u00adfus\u00e3o do ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adbe\u00adra\u00adlismo no Brasil\u201d, MILL\u00adCAYAC \u2013 Re\u00advista Di\u00adgital de Ci\u00aden\u00adcias So\u00adci\u00adales \/ Vol. IV \/ N\u00b0 7 \/ 2017. ISSN: 2362-616x. (pp. 95-120), Centro de Pu\u00adbli\u00adca\u00adci\u00adones. FCPyS. UN\u00adCuyo. Men\u00addoza.
\n8 Olavo de Car\u00advalho, A Nova Era e a Re\u00advo\u00adlu\u00e7\u00e3o Cul\u00adtural: Fritjof Capra & An\u00adtonio Gramsci (Rio de Ja\u00adneiro: Ins\u00adti\u00adtuto de Artes Li\u00adbe\u00adrais, 1994), p. 82. As me\u00adt\u00e1\u00adforas se\u00adxuais ci\u00adtadas adi\u00adante est\u00e3o nas p\u00e1\u00adginas 68, 71, 72, 76 e 77.
\n9 Jornal da Tarde, 25 nov. 1999.
\n10 Ubi\u00adratan Jorge Iorio, \u201cGramsci, Paulo Freire e a ba\u00adtalha da lin\u00adguagem: nosso de\u00adcl\u00ednio co\u00adme\u00e7ou com a de\u00adtur\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o das pa\u00adla\u00advras\u201d, Mises Brasil, 24 nov. 2016.
\n11 Idem.
\n12 Ga\u00adbriel Hi\u00adra\u00adbahasi, \u201cMour\u00e3o n\u00e3o sai do zero\u201d, Em: \u00c9poca (Blog: Ex\u00adpresso, por Mu\u00adrilo Ramos). Acesso em 8 de maio de 2019.
\n13 Bruno G\u00f3es, \u201cAs com\u00adpa\u00adnhias de Flavio Rocha\u201d, O Globo \u2013 Lauro Jardim. 2 mar. 2018.
\n14 Folha de S\u00e3o Paulo, 18 ago. 2018.
\n15 O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo, 19 de abr. 2017, p. 2.
\n16 O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo, 29 abr. 2018.
\n17 Marcos Del Roio, \u201cCARTA ABERTA em res\u00adposta \u00e0 amea\u00e7a do grams\u00adcismo\u201d, In\u00adter\u00adna\u00adti\u00adonal Gramsci So\u00adciety.
\n18 Um exemplo: Denis Lerrer Ro\u00adsen\u00adfield, \u201cGramsci e o MST\u201d, O Es\u00adtado de S. Paulo, 13 dez. 2004.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.correiocidadania.com.br\/2-uncategorised\/13766-gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lincoln Secco – Nos es\u00adter\u00adtores da Di\u00adta\u00addura Civil-Mi\u00adlitar, a ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita bra\u00adsi\u00adleira en\u00adfrentou uma crise de di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o e teve que mudar. Os ide\u00f3\u00adlogos mi\u00adli\u00adtares se vol\u00adtaram para novas te\u00ado\u00adrias que a es\u00adquerda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira de\u00adbatia no final dos anos 1970, entre elas a de An\u00adtonio Gramsci (1). A aten\u00e7\u00e3o se jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcava porque a luta ar\u00admada n\u00e3o existia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[28,50,23],"class_list":["post-10746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teoria","tag-direita","tag-esquerda","tag-personalidade"],"yoast_head":"\nGramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lincoln Secco – Nos es\u00adter\u00adtores da Di\u00adta\u00addura Civil-Mi\u00adlitar, a ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita bra\u00adsi\u00adleira en\u00adfrentou uma crise de di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o e teve que mudar. Os ide\u00f3\u00adlogos mi\u00adli\u00adtares se vol\u00adtaram para novas te\u00ado\u00adrias que a es\u00adquerda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira de\u00adbatia no final dos anos 1970, entre elas a de An\u00adtonio Gramsci (1). A aten\u00e7\u00e3o se jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcava porque a luta ar\u00admada n\u00e3o existia […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Controversia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ricardo Alvarez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@contro_versia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ricardo Alvarez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"headline\":\"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3840,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"Direita\",\"Esquerda\",\"Personalidade\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Teoria\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1\",\"width\":1600,\"height\":900},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/2019\\\/05\\\/22\\\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"In\u00edcio\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/\",\"name\":\"Controversia\",\"description\":\"Um site de leitura e debate\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2\",\"name\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\",\"width\":1015,\"height\":1024,\"caption\":\"Ricardo Alvarez\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png\"},\"description\":\"Professor, mestre em geografia urbana pela USP e criador do site Controv\u00e9rsia e escreve semanalmente.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/controversia.com.br\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/Controversiascontemporaneas\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/controversia\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/https:\\\/\\\/twitter.com\\\/contro_versia\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/","og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia","og_description":"Lincoln Secco – Nos es\u00adter\u00adtores da Di\u00adta\u00addura Civil-Mi\u00adlitar, a ex\u00adtrema-di\u00adreita bra\u00adsi\u00adleira en\u00adfrentou uma crise de di\u00adre\u00e7\u00e3o e teve que mudar. Os ide\u00f3\u00adlogos mi\u00adli\u00adtares se vol\u00adtaram para novas te\u00ado\u00adrias que a es\u00adquerda bra\u00adsi\u00adleira de\u00adbatia no final dos anos 1970, entre elas a de An\u00adtonio Gramsci (1). A aten\u00e7\u00e3o se jus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adcava porque a luta ar\u00admada n\u00e3o existia […]","og_url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/","og_site_name":"Controversia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","article_published_time":"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ricardo Alvarez","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia","twitter_site":"@contro_versia","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"Ricardo Alvarez","Tempo estimado de leitura":"19 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/"},"author":{"name":"Ricardo Alvarez","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"headline":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita","datePublished":"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/"},"wordCount":3840,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1","keywords":["Direita","Esquerda","Personalidade"],"articleSection":["Teoria"],"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/","name":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita - Controversia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1","datePublished":"2019-05-22T12:17:04+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1","width":1600,"height":900},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/2019\/05\/22\/gramscismo-uma-ideologia-da-extrema-direita\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"In\u00edcio","item":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gramscismo: uma ideologia da extrema-direita"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#website","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/","name":"Controversia","description":"Um site de leitura e debate","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-PT"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/#\/schema\/person\/890416adf48f0d52618900e97e15edf2","name":"Ricardo Alvarez","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","url":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png","width":1015,"height":1024,"caption":"Ricardo Alvarez"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plano-de-Fundo-1015x1024.png"},"description":"Professor, mestre em geografia urbana pela USP e criador do site Controv\u00e9rsia e escreve semanalmente.","sameAs":["http:\/\/controversia.com.br","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Controversiascontemporaneas\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/controversia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/https:\/\/twitter.com\/contro_versia"]}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/controversia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/gramsci.jpg?fit=1600%2C900&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10746"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10747,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10746\/revisions\/10747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/controversia.com.br\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}